{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T16:36:41Z","timestamp":1760978201547,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,6]],"date-time":"2002-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1020643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Hyperkinetic Abnormal Movements Scale (HAMS) was developed based on extensive observation of normal and abnormal movements in squirrel monkeys. The observations of abnormal movements were performed using animals that had undergone prior lesioning with 1\u2010methyl\u20104\u2010phenyl\u20101,2,3,6\u2010tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) that subsequently developed levodopa\u2010induced abnormal movements. Specific and easily observable changes in behavior were used to delineate the boundaries between each rating level of the scale. The full spectrum of abnormal behavior at each rating level was then characterized for the squirrel monkey. Once the scale was fully developed and finalized, reliability testing revealed strong inter\u2010rater (r = 0.959) and intrarater reliability (r = 0.930 to 0.941). Novice raters were easily taught its use and subsequently could use the scale with strong inter\u2010rater reliability (R = 0.9057). In further studies of levodopa\u2010induced abnormal movements, the HAMS was demonstrated to be highly sensitive, highly specific, and valid, both internally and when compared with an objective measure of abnormal movements. Although the scale was developed in MPTP\u2010lesioned squirrel monkeys treated with levodopa, it might provide a framework for the standardized measurement of hyperkinetic abnormal movements in other primates and other experimental conditions. \u00a9 2002 Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,9]],"date-time":"2002-10-09T01:25:39Z","timestamp":1034126739000},"page":"902-909","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The hyperkinetic abnormal movements scale: A tool for measuring levodopa\u2010induced abnormal movements in squirrel monkeys"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Louis C.","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter H.","family":"Protell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. William","family":"Langston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Togasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,6]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870070204"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870090103"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"13","article-title":"The phenomenology of L\u2010dopa\u2010induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease","volume":"14","author":"Vidailhet M","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"S2","article-title":"The spectrum of levodopa\u2010induced dyskinesias","volume":"47","author":"Fahn S","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"4","article-title":"Pathophysiology of L\u2010dopa \u2212induced dyskinesias","volume":"14","author":"Bedard PJ","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","first-page":"S70","article-title":"Molecular basis of levodopa\u2010induced dyskinesias","volume":"47","author":"Calon F","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"S22","article-title":"Pathophysiology of levodopa\u2010induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease: problems with the current model","volume":"47","author":"Obeso JA","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"volume-title":"ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology","year":"1976","author":"Guy W","key":"e_1_2_6_9_2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870090403"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"79","article-title":"The dyskinesia subjective rating scale","volume":"14","author":"Lang A","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(89)90372-9"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870060205"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410310514"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410390505"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","first-page":"S79","article-title":"Investigating levodopa\u2010induced dyskinesias in the parkinsonian primate","volume":"47","author":"Langston JW","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1075"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90780-F"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1099"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","first-page":"106","volume-title":"Health measurement scales, a practical guide to their development and use","author":"Streiner DL","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","first-page":"651","article-title":"Drug\u2010induced dyskinesia in monkeys: a pharmacological model employing 6\u2010hydroxydopamine","volume":"1","author":"Ng LKY","year":"1973","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870100606"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02245739"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1971122part2340","article-title":"The choreoathetoid movement disorder induced by levodopa","volume":"12","author":"Markham CH","year":"1974","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","first-page":"163","article-title":"Patterns of dystonia (\u201cI\u2010D\u2010I\u201d and \u201cD\u2010I\u2010D\u201d) in response to L\u2010dopa therapy for Parkinson's disease","volume":"52","author":"Muenter MD","year":"1977","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(86)90783-3"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(87)90041-4"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.10183","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.10183","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T09:26:27Z","timestamp":1760952387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.10183"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,6]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.10183"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.10183","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0885-3185"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1531-8257"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,6]]}}}