{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T02:48:36Z","timestamp":1791168516257,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,17]],"date-time":"2002-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1032220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current concepts regarding the organisation of the motor system indicate the existence of a frontoparietal circuit involved in prehension and manipulation, whose damage may result in a motor behavioural disorder strongly resembling the one originally described as limb\u2010kinetic apraxia. To determine the specific clinical and kinematic features of this distinctive praxic disorder, 5 patients with corticobasal degeneration (apraxic group), 5 with Parkinson's disease (nonapraxic group), and 10 control subjects were studied by a comprehensive apraxic battery, three\u2010dimensional motion analysis of manipulative movements and motor evoked potentials. A mathematical model [quality of movement coefficient (QMC)] was applied to quantify differential kinematic characteristics between elementary motor deficits and the praxic disorder. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to evaluate corticomotoneural projections and cortical inhibition. All five patients in the apraxic group exhibited a unilateral praxic deficit characterised by derangement of fractionated and segmental finger movements. QMC was significantly greater in apraxic than in nonapraxic patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.02), revealing a chaotic movement with marked interfinger uncoordination. Conventional transcranial magnetic stimulation parameters were within normal limits in both groups of patients; however, the silent period was significantly shorter in the apraxic limb when compared with control subjects (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Limb\u2010kinetic apraxia is a distinctive disorder affecting the performance of finger and hand postures and movements over and above a corticospinal or basal ganglion deficit. Disruption of the frontoparietal circuit devoted to grasping and manipulation, together with defective cortical inhibition, which would also interfere with the selection and control of hand muscle activity, are the most likely underlying physiopathological mechanisms of limb\u2010kinetic apraxia in patients with corticobasal degeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,14]],"date-time":"2003-02-14T09:04:48Z","timestamp":1045213488000},"page":"49-59","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Limb\u2010kinetic apraxia in corticobasal degeneration: Clinical and kinematic features"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ram\u00f3n C.","family":"Leiguarda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Merello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda In\u00e9s","family":"Nouzeilles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Balej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Rivero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mart\u00edn","family":"Nogu\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","first-page":"46","article-title":"Kortikale (innervatorische) Apraxie","volume":"28","author":"Kleist K","year":"1907","journal-title":"Jarbuch Psychiatr Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02865982"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000219159"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","first-page":"516","article-title":"Apraxie","volume":"1","author":"Liepmann H","year":"1920","journal-title":"Ergeb Gesamt Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199591510.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","series-title":"Handbook of neuropsychology","first-page":"245","author":"De Renzi E","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/88.2.237"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","first-page":"131","volume-title":"Clinical neuropsychology","author":"Heilman KM","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13554799908402725"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130316"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","first-page":"103","volume-title":"Corticobasal degeneration and related disorders","author":"Leiguarda R","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1992.tb08058.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.4.455"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.12.1548"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/5.2.95"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-4694(98)00022-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1999.00753.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.5.860"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.3.571"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.1.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.1.75"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","first-page":"61","volume-title":"Apraxia: the neuropsychology of action","author":"Rothi LJG","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","volume-title":"Compendium of neuropsychological tests","author":"Spreen E","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(97)00033-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2000.102004244.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_2","first-page":"597","article-title":"Symptomatological study of limb\u2010kinetic apraxia","volume":"38","author":"Shiota J","year":"1994","journal-title":"Shinkei Kenkyu no Shinpo"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010050728"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_2","first-page":"650","article-title":"What is limb\u2010kinetic apraxia?","volume":"38","author":"Iwamura Y","year":"1994","journal-title":"Shinkei Kenkyu no Shinpo"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_2","first-page":"751","volume-title":"Diseases of the nervous system. Clinical neurobiology","author":"Freund HJ","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.1.132"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(95)93921-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/y94-081"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(85)90068-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00248742"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902510302"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-77235-1_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00232190"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107385849700300612"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1991.65.6.1542"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1993.sp019732","article-title":"Silent period evoked by transcranial stimulation of the human cortex and cervicomedullary junction","volume":"34","author":"Inghilleri M","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Physiol (Lond)"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00230207"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_2","first-page":"115","volume-title":"Negative motor phenomena. Advances in neurology","author":"L\u00fcders HO","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130126"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-4388(92)90139-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_2","series-title":"Advances in neurology","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Corticobasal degeneration and related disorders","author":"Dickson DW","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_2","series-title":"Advances in neurology","first-page":"209","volume-title":"Corticobasal degeneration and related disorders","author":"Brooks DJ","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.1.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.5.609"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(94)90125-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.2.467"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.10303","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.10303","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T14:47:35Z","timestamp":1760971655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.10303"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,17]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.10303"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.10303","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3185","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,17]]}}}