{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:18:06Z","timestamp":1792171086217,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,30]],"date-time":"2002-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1035936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although current knowledge attributes movement disorders to a dysfunction of the basal ganglia\u2013motor cortex circuits, abnormalities in the peripheral afferent inputs or in their central processing may interfere with motor program execution. We review the abnormalities of sensorimotor integration described in the various types of movement disorders. Several observations, including those of parkinsonian patients' excessive reliance on ongoing visual information during movement tasks, suggest that proprioception is defective in Parkinson's disease (PD). The disturbance of proprioceptive regulation, possibly related to the occurrence of abnormal muscle\u2010stretch reflexes, might be important for generating hypometric or bradykinetic movements. Studies with somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs), prepulse inhibition, and event\u2010related potentials support the hypothesis of central abnormalities of sensorimotor integration in PD. In Huntington's disease (HD), changes in SEPs and long\u2010latency stretch reflexes suggest that a defective gating of peripheral afferent input to the brain might impair sensorimotor integration in cortical motor areas, thus interfering with the processing of motor programs. Defective motor programming might contribute to some features of motor impairment in HD. Sensory symptoms are frequent in focal dystonia and sensory manipulation can modify the dystonic movements. In addition, specific sensory functions (kinaesthesia, spatial\u2013temporal discrimination) can be impaired in patients with focal hand dystonia, thus leading to a \u201csensory overflow.\u201d Sensory input may be abnormal and trigger focal dystonia, or defective \u201cgating\u201d may cause an input\u2013output mismatch in specific motor programs. Altogether, several observations strongly support the idea that sensorimotor integration is impaired in focal dystonia. Although elemental sensation is normal in patients with tics, tics can be associated with sensory phenomena. Some neurophysiological studies suggest that an altered \u201cgating\u201d mechanism also underlies the development of tics. This review underlines the importance of abnormal sensorimotor integration in the pathophysiology of movement disorders. Although the physiological mechanism remains unclear, the defect is of special clinical relevance in determining the development of focal dystonia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,18]],"date-time":"2003-03-18T17:59:21Z","timestamp":1048010361000},"page":"231-240","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":527,"title":["Sensorimotor integration in movement disorders"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Abbruzzese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Berardelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(90)90110-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.4.877"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(96)80024-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.11.2131"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(97)01151-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410420513"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199907)46:1<22::AID-ANA6>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410380203"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1137"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","first-page":"957","article-title":"Primary sensory symptoms in parkinsonism","volume":"34","author":"Snider SR","year":"1976","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.37.6.951"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1997.00550160080020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200002)47:2<218::AID-ANA12>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/116.6.1575"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.2.551"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.63.4.429"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.62.1.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200009)15:5<879::AID-MDS1018>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/99.2.269"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.868"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870090108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870100410"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","first-page":"133","volume-title":"Advances in neurology. Motor control mechanisms in health and disease","author":"Burke D","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.46.1.35"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.46.1.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.50.5.544"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.6.977"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.67.4.504"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410410614"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.9.1771"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(89)90058-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(93)90048-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.5.989"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870120309"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870100112"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870060109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0987-7053(05)80118-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(94)90133-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(01)00670-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_2","first-page":"121","article-title":"Neurophysiology of sensorimotor integration in Parkinson's disease","volume":"5","author":"Rossini PM","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(93)90092-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0987-7053(00)00236-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(86)90189-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.12.2365"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-884X(96)95067-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(84)90029-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1984.04050160041013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(90)90055-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/116.1.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410320309"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(93)90108-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870080118"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/108.1.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/111.2.223"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870050108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.6.755"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200009)15:5<938::AID-MDS1026>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.58.2.192"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(199905)14:3<398::AID-MDS1003>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(00)00497-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1994.00540230041010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1180"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.7.1195"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(93)90318-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.64.1.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.11.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(92)90013-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410380206"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130416"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00839204"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(199911)14:6<994::AID-MDS1013>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150170156"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200009)15:5<960::AID-MDS1029>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200003)47:3<322::AID-ANA7>3.0.CO;2-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1996.23.4.234"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.12.2179"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.8.1794"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2000.t01-1-00102.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.11.2252"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.2.291"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.12.1869"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200003)47:3<377::AID-ANA16>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200101)16:1<94::AID-MDS1020>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1237"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.2.569"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200009)15:5<965::AID-MDS1030>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(92)90005-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870090408"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_91_2","first-page":"A458","article-title":"The N30 and N140\u2010P190 median somatosensory evoked potential waveforms in dystonia involving the upper extremity","volume":"45","author":"Grissom JR","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130122"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.1.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1142"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.3.537"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.9.1813"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.9.1233"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/118.2.511"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870110614"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(98)00045-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/112.3.681"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870100505"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/118.3.801"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.59.5.493"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)13370-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130123"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.5.1371"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.5.977"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200007)48:1<20::AID-ANA5>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050938"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(00)01648-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440520"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199811160-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-1130(00)80022-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.2.508"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-04-01597.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4598(200009)23:9<1335::AID-MUS3>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410380603"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410140606"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/155005948801900212"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.5.731"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.1.98"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.1.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v61n0213"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.58.2.184"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.5.941"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.5.950"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.6.1176"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_129_2","first-page":"213","article-title":"Functional neuroanatomy of Tourette syndrome. Limbic\u2010motor interactions studied with FDG PET","volume":"58","author":"Stoetter B","year":"1992","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.1993.64"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870100605"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(00)00343-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.9.1277"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.1.142"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.7.895"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(95)00101-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1991.66.4.1249"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.16.7403"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(96)00310-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_140_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(97)80003-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_141_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00457-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(85)90010-4"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.10327","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.10327","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mds.10327","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.10327","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T09:55:02Z","timestamp":1760954102000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.10327"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,30]]},"references-count":141,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.10327"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.10327","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3185","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,30]]}}}