{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T21:41:45Z","timestamp":1791150105338,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,27]],"date-time":"2003-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1046304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sudden\u2010onset sleep episodes while driving have been reported in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and termed sleep attacks because they were reported to be irresistible and to occur without warning. We postulate that these episodes are due to excessive daytime sleepiness secondary to the high frequency of sleep disorders in PD patients and the sedative effects of dopaminergic medications. We assessed the frequency and relationship between excess daytime sleepiness and sleep episodes while driving (SE) in patients with PD. We evaluated 101 consecutive PD patients presenting to the Movement Disorder Center at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine using a questionnaire that incorporated a subjective estimate of sleepiness, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and information on disease severity and dopaminergic medications. One hundred age\u2010matched respondents without PD served as a control population. Excess daytime sleepiness was reported in 76% of PD patients compared to 47% of controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). The mean ESS scores for PD patients was 9.1 \u00b1 6.1 versus 5.7 \u00b1 4.4 in controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). ESS scores \u226510 were observed in 40.6% of PD patients compared to 19% of controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) and 24% of PD patients had scores \u226515, compared to 5% of controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Sleep episodes while driving were experienced by 20.8% of PD drivers compared to 6% of control drivers (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). The mean daily levodopa (<jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010dopa) dose equivalent was 1,142 \u00b1 858 mg in PD drivers who experienced a SE while driving compared to 626 \u00b1 667 mg in those who had not (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Similarly, ESS was significantly greater in drivers with a SE than in those without (11.6 \u00b1 6.4 vs. 8.4 \u00b1 4.1; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that ESS and mean daily <jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010dopa dose equivalents were predictors of sleep episodes while driving, whereas age, gender, disease severity, and individual dopaminergic agents were not. These findings support the notion that sleep episodes while driving in PD patients are related to excess daytime sleepiness and dopaminergic load. Physicians should advise and treat patients accordingly. \u00a9 2003 Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,30]],"date-time":"2003-05-30T06:06:00Z","timestamp":1054274760000},"page":"668-672","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":131,"title":["Sleepiness in Parkinson's disease: A controlled study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Matthew A.","family":"Brodsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Godbold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Warren","family":"Olanow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.9.1908"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","first-page":"1051","volume-title":"Principles and practice of sleep medicine","author":"Aldrich M","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","first-page":"vii","volume-title":"The international classification of sleep disorders: diagnostic and coding manual","author":"American Sleep Disorders Association","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-222350-1.50030-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004140050131"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200003)15:2<212::AID-MDS1002>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.310.6979.565"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199709113371111"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.4.455"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.8.1392"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.6.1142"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(99)00011-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130606"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870050404"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","first-page":"289","article-title":"Sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease","volume":"86","author":"Stocchi F","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.2.526"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","volume-title":"Single vehicle roadway departure crashes: problem size assessment and statistical description","author":"Wanf JS","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","volume-title":"Factors that affect fatigue in heavy truck accidents","author":"National Transportation Safety Board","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-200105000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.15.1931"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005183422004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870090107"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200007)15:4<658::AID-MDS1009>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-198205020-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150170188"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02118-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_2","first-page":"52","article-title":"Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in Parkinson Disease (PD) patients with unintended sleep episode (USE) when treated with dopaminergic agents","volume":"7","author":"Bliwise D","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Rel Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1083"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.7.1019"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_2","first-page":"687","volume-title":"Movement disorders: neurologic principles and practice","author":"Rye D","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410260106"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10242"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.10429","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.10429","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T11:23:58Z","timestamp":1760959438000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.10429"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,28]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.10429"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.10429","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3185","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,28]]}}}