{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T12:32:20Z","timestamp":1789389140414,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,10,8]],"date-time":"2001-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1002499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this work was to determine the predictors of depressive symptoms among spouse caregivers of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Little is known about the strain in giving care to PD patients and how the motor, cognitive, and behavioral complications of PD contribute to depression among spouse caregivers.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Forty\u2010five consecutive PD patients and their spouse caregivers agreed to be evaluated after a routine clinic visit. Patient demographic data and the presence of hallucinations, delusions, incontinence, and sleep disturbances were obtained. The patients were assessed using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS\u2010motor section), Hoehn and Yahr (H&amp;Y) staging, and the Mini\u2010Mental State Examination (MMSE). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 17\u2010item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD\u201017) and the Beck Depression Inventory\u2010II (BDI\u2010II) on patients and spouses.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Thirty men and 15 women had a mean age of 71.5 years (range 53\u201385), average PD duration of 10 years (range 1\u201326), a mean \u201con\u201d H&amp;Y stage of 2.8 and an MMSE mean score of 26 (range 13\u201330). There was good correlation between the HAMD\u201017 and the BDI\u2010II scores in both patients (r = 0.69, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) and spouses (r = 0.66, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). A moderate correlation was noted between the spouse HAMD\u201017 score and the patient UPDRS\u2010motor score (r = 0.34; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02), the age of PD onset (r = 0.33; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02) and patient HAMD\u201017 scores (r= 0.29; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.05). A stronger correlation was noted between spouse HAMD\u201017 scores and the years of PD duration (r= 0.43; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.003). There was a significant difference in the mean spouse HAMD\u201017 scores among PD patients with sleep disturbances versus those who did not (10.2 vs. 6.4; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04). However, on stepwise regression analysis, only the duration of PD remained significant (adjusted r = 0.17; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.003). No difference was noted with hallucinations, delusions or incontinence. We concluded that the duration of PD appears to be the strongest predictor of depressive symptoms among spouse\u2010caregivers in this small cohort. \u00a9 2001 Movement Disorder Society.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T12:25:38Z","timestamp":1030278338000},"page":"1123-1125","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Predictors of depressive symptoms among spouse caregivers in Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hubert H.","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rowena E.J.","family":"Tabamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymund R.","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph H.","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.6.672"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00127893-200006010-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.4.443"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"Depression in Parkinsons's disease: a psychosocial viewpoint. 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