{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:53:53Z","timestamp":1792068833995,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,27]],"date-time":"2001-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1006819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APS) such as multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration are characterized by poor response to antiparkinsonian medication and rapid clinical deterioration. We used SPECT and [<jats:sup>123<\/jats:sup>I]\u03b2\u2010CIT as a label of dopamine transporters to study the progression of presynaptic dopaminergic degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) and APS. Twenty\u2010four PD patients with short disease duration (2.4 \u00b1 1.5 years), 12 PD patients with long disease duration (9.2 \u00b1 2.6 years), 10 patients with APS (disease duration 2.1 \u00b1 1.5 years), and nine patients with essential tremor (ET) underwent sequential [<jats:sup>123<\/jats:sup>I]\u03b2\u2010CIT SPECT imaging with an interval of 25.5 \u00b1 10.3 (13\u201363) months. The age\u2010related decline of striatal \u03b2\u2010CIT binding was studied cross\u2010sectionally in 30 healthy subjects. The ratio of striatum\/cerebellum \u22121 at 20 hours after tracer injection, reflecting specific\u2010to\u2010nondisplaceable binding, was used as the primary SPECT outcome measure. At scan 1, striatal \u03b2\u2010CIT binding was reduced in PD patients with short disease duration (\u221242% compared with age\u2010corrected normal values) and long disease duration (\u221251%), and APS (\u221236%), but normal in ET. During the observation period striatal \u03b2\u2010CIT binding significantly declined in patients with APS (14.9% per year) and short duration PD (7.1% per year), whereas PD patients with long disease duration and patients with ET showed no significant change of striatal \u03b2\u2010CIT binding between scans 1 and 2. The relative annual reduction from age\u2010corrected normal values at the time of scan 1 was significantly higher in patients with APS than in PD patients with short disease duration (9.6 vs. 4.3%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.004). These results demonstrate a rapid decline of striatal \u03b2\u2010CIT binding in patients with atypical parkinsonian syndromes, exceeding the reduction in PD. The dopaminergic degeneration in PD appears to slow down during the course of the disease. SPECT with [<jats:sup>123<\/jats:sup>I]\u03b2\u2010CIT is a sensitive marker of disease progression in parkinsonian disorders. \u00a9 2001 Movement Disorder Society.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T18:17:27Z","timestamp":1030299447000},"page":"45-53","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":170,"title":["Progression of dopaminergic degeneration in Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonism: A longitudinal \u03b2\u2010CIT SPECT study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Walter","family":"Pirker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Schiva","family":"Djamshidian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Asenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willibald","family":"Gerschlager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gotthard","family":"Tribl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Br\u00fccke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"253","article-title":"Parkinsonism treated with levodopa: progression and mortality","author":"Hoehn MM","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.6_Suppl_3.184S"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/113.5.1539"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410360512"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.2.585"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.64.3.314"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410340331","article-title":"Positron emission tomographic imaging of the dopamine transporter with 11C\u2010WIN 35,428 reveals marked declines in Parkinson's disease","volume":"34","author":"Frost JJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.24.11965"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01245007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410380407"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1353-8020(95)00012-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.1.231"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Imaging of dopamine transporters with iodine\u2010123\u2010\u03b2\u2010CIT and SPECT in Parkinson's disease","volume":"38","author":"Asenbaum S","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6842-4_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200006)47:6<804::AID-ANA14>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007020070077"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","first-page":"329","article-title":"123I \u03b2\u2010CIT and SPECT: an imaging biomarker of Parkinson's disease progression [Abstract]","volume":"50","author":"Marek K","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.9.1422"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007020050124"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","first-page":"262","volume-title":"Movement disorders 3","author":"Quinn N","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.1.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","series-title":"Recent developments in Parkinson's disease","first-page":"153","author":"Fahn S","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","series-title":"Intracerebral transplantation in movement disorders: experimental basis and clinical experiences. 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