{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T04:07:20Z","timestamp":1767845240349,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,21]],"date-time":"2004-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1082505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"American Medical Association Research and Education Foundation"},{"name":"Children's Miracle Network"},{"name":"Southern Illinois University School of Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lack of a biomarker of disease activity has hindered the therapy of childhood opsoclonus\u2010myoclonus syndrome (OMS), which is purported to be mediated humorally. To determine if the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) B lymphocyte, which may traffic into the central nervous system (CNS) to produce antibody locally, is one such biomarker, B lymphocytes were immunophenotyped in the CSF and blood of 56 children with OMS and 26 pediatric controls by dual\u2010laser flow cytometry. Neurological severity was rated blindly from videotapes using a validated 12\u2010item motor evaluation scale. Children with OMS manifested a 4\u2010 to 7\u2010fold higher percentage of total B\u2010cells in CSF (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001), including CD5<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) and CD5<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0004) B\u2010cell subsets, compared with controls, in whom the percentages were negligible and unchanging with age. CSF expansion of both B\u2010cell subsets increased with disease severity and decreased with disease duration (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2264 0.0001, ANOVA). Previous treatment with conventional immunotherapies, chemotherapy, or tumor resection had not normalized B\u2010cell percentages in those with lingering symptoms. These studies reveal that CSF B\u2010cell expansion in OMS is characteristic and often persistent. Presence of the autoreactive CD5<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B\u2010cell subset and correlations with neurological severity and disease duration suggest CSF B\u2010cell expansion is a biomarker of disease activity and possible target for B\u2010cell\u2013specific therapy. Immunophenotyping of CSF lymphocytes by flow cytometry yields valuable clinical information missed by routine studies and allows crucial treatment decisions to be made rapidly. \u00a9 2004 Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,21]],"date-time":"2004-04-21T18:01:21Z","timestamp":1082570481000},"page":"770-777","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["CSF B\u2010cell expansion in opsoclonus\u2010myoclonus syndrome: A biomarker of disease activity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Pranzatelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna L.","family":"Travelstead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth 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