{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:33:55Z","timestamp":1761006835719,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,15]],"date-time":"2004-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1089849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The opioid transmitters enkephalin and dynorphin are known to regulate pallidal output and consequently cortical excitability. Indeed, abnormal basal ganglia opioid transmission has been reported in several involuntary movement disorders, including levodopa\u2010induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease (PD), tardive dyskinesias\/dystonia, Huntington's disease, and Tourette's syndrome. Moreover, a previous <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C\u2010diprenorphine PET study investigating levodopa\u2010induced dyskinesias found reduced opioid receptor availability in PD with but not without dyskinesias. We wished to investigate if a similar alteration in basal ganglia opioid binding was present in DYT1 primary torsion dystonia (PTD). Regional cerebral <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C\u2010diprenorphine binding was investigated in 7 manifesting carriers of the DYT1 gene and 15 age\u2010matched normal controls using a region\u2010of\u2010interest (ROI) approach and statistical parametric mapping (SPM). No difference in regional mean <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C\u2010diprenorphine binding was found between DYT1\u2010PTD and controls, and no correlation between the severity of dystonia and opioid binding was seen. We conclude that aberrant opioid transmission is unlikely to be present in DYT1\u2010PTD and altered opioid transmission is not a common mechanism underlying all disorders of involuntary movement. \u00a9 2004 Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,15]],"date-time":"2004-07-15T18:03:14Z","timestamp":1089914594000},"page":"1498-1503","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Opioid binding in DYT1 primary torsion dystonia: An <sup>11<\/sup>C\u2010diprenorphine PET study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Alan L.","family":"Whone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Von Spiczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enza\u2010Maria","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Hammers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kailash P.","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-199808000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-200208000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"17","article-title":"Pathophysiology of dystonia: a neuronal model","author":"Vitek JL","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.5.1193"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.3.445"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-02-00843.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"371","volume-title":"Handbook of chemical neuroanatomy. Vol. 12: Integrated systems of the CNS Part 3","author":"Gerfen CRW","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(85)90272-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)20204-X","article-title":"Enkephalinergic and GABAergic modulation of motor activity in the ventral pallidum","volume":"252","author":"Austin MC","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-002-0715-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.2001.7727"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.70.4.554"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410420508"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00595-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199709000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(86)90946-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00127-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(79)90618-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200011)15:6<1252::AID-MDS1030>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/89.6.401"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.35.1.73"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/37\/8\/002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1991.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","first-page":"13","article-title":"Spectral analysis of dynamic quantitative PET images acquired in 3D are used to generate parametric images of 11C\u2010diprenorphine binding","author":"Cunningham VJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1993.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.952724"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598130"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.460020402"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(90)90110-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199907)46:1<22::AID-ANA6>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870120606"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050545"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1994.1007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00358-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10474"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.5.1371"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440304"},{"volume-title":"Physiology of dystonia","year":"1998","author":"Hallett M","key":"e_1_2_6_40_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(87)90268-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(88)90184-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00251-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(80)90469-5"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.20238","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.20238","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:24:49Z","timestamp":1760955889000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.20238"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,27]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.20238"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.20238","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0885-3185"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1531-8257"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,27]]}}}