{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:37:19Z","timestamp":1761007039443,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,2]],"date-time":"2005-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1122940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>John Adams (1735\u20131826), one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, was the second President of the United States. Adams had tremor for many years, about which little has been written. We examined John Adams' penmanship over a 62\u2010year period and studied his correspondence and diaries. It is not clear when Adams' tremor began, although in a diary entry dated 6 December 1760, when Adams was 25 years old, there is evidence of low\u2010amplitude kinetic tremor. The tremor continued in his written correspondence, becoming more persistent over time. Later in life, the clarity of his written correspondence diminished, with greater decomposition of characters and a reduction in the size of individual characters. This finding raises some speculation as to whether Adams could have been developing some parkinsonism, although the evidence in favor of this is not compelling. The most likely diagnosis was essential tremor. \u00a9 2005 Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,3]],"date-time":"2005-08-03T18:22:44Z","timestamp":1123093364000},"page":"1537-1542","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["John Adams' essential tremor"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Elan D.","family":"Louis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Kavanagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.9.1201"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.7.1350"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09647040490881686"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"13","volume-title":"The health of the presidents: the 41 United States Presidents through 1993 from a physician's point of view","author":"Bumgarner JR","year":"1994"},{"volume-title":"Preface. The Adams\u2010Jefferson letters. The complete correspondence between Thomas Jefferson and Abigail and John Adams","year":"1987","author":"Cappon LJ","key":"e_1_2_6_6_2"},{"volume-title":"Diary and autobiography of John Adams","year":"1961","author":"Butterfield LH","key":"e_1_2_6_7_2"},{"volume-title":"Adams family correspondence","year":"1963","author":"Butterfield LH","key":"e_1_2_6_8_2"},{"volume-title":"Papers of John Adams","year":"1977","author":"Taylor RJ","key":"e_1_2_6_9_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","first-page":"178","volume-title":"Diary and autobiography of John Adams","author":"Butterfield LH","year":"1961"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","series-title":"Diary and autobiography of John Adams","first-page":"279","author":"Butterfield LH","year":"1961"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","series-title":"Diary and autobiography of John Adams","first-page":"14","author":"Butterfield LH","year":"1961"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Document dated November 30 1767. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Mr. Richard Cranch dated January 5 1767. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Catherine Macaulay dated August 1773. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Bill to Henry Knox dated June 1774. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Samuel Parsons dated August 8 1776. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Richard Henry Lee dated November 15 1775. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Joseph Palmer dated October 3 1775. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Elbridge Gerry dated November 4 1779. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Richard Cranch dated May 14 1784. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to John Jay dated December 3 1785. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Benjamin Rush dated December 2 1788. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Cotton Tufts dated June 12 1789. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to John Jay dated June 2 1785. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Benjamin Lincoln dated November 14 1793. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Thomas Seymour dated March 10 1794. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Inhabitants of Newburyport dated May 8 1798. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter thanking the citizens of New Brunswick dated May 5 1798. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to inhabitants of Bedford dated June 21 1798. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Commissioners of City of Washington dated January 16 1798."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Arthur St.Clair dated September 2 1798. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Timothy Pickering dated March 29 1799. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Benjamin Rush dated June 22 1806. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Benjamin Rush dated December 4 1805. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Benjamin Rush dated September 1 1807. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Benjamin Rush dated September 1807. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Isaiah Green dated December 9 1808. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Benjamin Rush dated March 4 1809. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Benjamin Rush dated June 28 1810. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Samuel Malcolm dated August 6 1812. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Issac Monroe dated May 18 1812. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Samuel Malcolm dated June 17 1812. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Benjamin Rush dated June 24\u201326 1812. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Benjamin Rush dated December 8 1812. GLC."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to William Plumer dated January 10 1813. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to James Monroe dated April 20 1813. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Robert Fulton dated June 23 1813. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Matthew Carey dated July 3 1813. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Mercy Warren dated September 1 1813. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Richard Rush dated February 23 1814. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Charles F. Adams dated November 18 1814. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to William Stevens Smith dated October 23 1815. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Samuel Mitchell dated February 7 1817. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to William Tudor dated May 12 1818. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to Matthew Carey dated May 24 1821. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to William Shaw dated June 26 1825. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_2","unstructured":"AdamsJ. Letter to King George III dated February 2 1785. Gilder Lehrman Collection at the New York Historical Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S031716710004765X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.3.405"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.046292"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_2","first-page":"296","volume-title":"The Adams\u2010Jefferson letters. The complete correspondence between Thomas Jefferson and Abigail and John Adams","author":"Adams J","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_2","first-page":"326","volume-title":"The Adams\u2010Jefferson letters. 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The complete correspondence between Thomas Jefferson and Abigail and John Adams","author":"Adams J","year":"1987"},{"volume-title":"John Pierce Memoirs, 1788\u20131849","author":"Pierce J.","key":"e_1_2_6_70_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.12.1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1184"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.63.4.429"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(02)00013-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2674324"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_76_2","first-page":"544","volume-title":"John Adams: Party of One","author":"Grant J","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.20613","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.20613","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.20613","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mds.20613","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.20613","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T11:18:06Z","timestamp":1760959086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.20613"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,2]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.20613"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.20613","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0885-3185"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1531-8257"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,2]]}}}