{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T15:44:55Z","timestamp":1790178295108,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,2]],"date-time":"2005-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1122940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>With the advent of a commercial preparation of botulinum toxin type B (BT\u2010B) for treatment of cervical dystonia detection of antibodies against BT\u2010B (BT\u2010B\u2010AB) becomes necessary. For this purpose, we carried out a mouse diaphragm assay (MDA) by continuous measurement of the twitch force of a mouse hemidiaphragm preparation elicited by electric stimulation of its phrenic nerve. After exposing the preparation to BT\u2010B 3 ng\/ml the time to half\u2010maximal twitch force reduction (paralysis time [PT]) was 69 \u00b1 4 min (n = 25). Addition of sera from patients with antibodies against BT\u2010A produced a PT of 68 \u00b1 5 min (n = 24), whereas addition of sera from controls with antibodies against tetanus toxoid produced a PT of 67 \u00b1 6 min (n = 30). When defined amounts of BT\u2010B\u2010AB were added to the MDA, PT was prolonged. This prolongation was correlated closely to the amount of BT\u2010B\u2010AB added, thus producing a calibration curve. The threshold for BT\u2010B\u2010AB detection was 0.4 mU\/ml. When sera from 7 patients (4 women, 3 men; age 50.6 \u00b1 14.2 years) with cervical dystonia (Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale score, 18.9 \u00b1 2.9) and complete secondary failure of BT\u2010B therapy (NeuroBloc; Elan Pharmaceuticals, Shannon, Ireland; 12,229 \u00b1 2,601 MU\/injection series, 1.86 \u00b1 0.69 injection series before complete secondary therapy failure; 100.4 \u00b1 15.8 days between injection series with normal therapeutic effect) were tested, BT\u2010B\u2010AB titers of more than 10 mU\/ml were found in all of them. The MDA can be used to measure neutralizing BT\u2010B\u2010AB titers quantitatively and with adequate sensitivity and specificity. Further studies are necessary to understand the role of intermediate BT\u2010B\u2010AB titers in partial BT\u2010B therapy failure. \u00a9 2005 Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,3]],"date-time":"2005-08-03T18:22:49Z","timestamp":1123093369000},"page":"1617-1619","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Mouse diaphragm assay for detection of antibodies against botulinum toxin type B"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Dirk","family":"Dressler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Bigalke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.7.1439"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1997.6580"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","first-page":"445","article-title":"The Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS): assessment of validity and inter\u2010rater reliability","volume":"40","author":"Consky ES","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","first-page":"67","article-title":"Botulinum toxin therapy failure: causes, evaluation procedures and management strategies","volume":"4","author":"Dressler D","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150070132"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-003-1129-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000081463"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870120116"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.66.5.612"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200001)15:1<146::AID-MDS1023>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","first-page":"319","volume-title":"Botulinum neurotoxin and tetanus toxin","author":"Notermans S","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.5.1463"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1994.1181"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200009)15:5<973::AID-MDS1031>3.0.CO;2-X"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.20625","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.20625","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.20625","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mds.20625","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.20625","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T11:17:36Z","timestamp":1760959056000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.20625"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,2]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.20625"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.20625","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3185","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,2]]}}}