{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:29:55Z","timestamp":1792092595472,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,6]],"date-time":"2005-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1128556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for gait and bradykinesia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). In a double\u2010blind placebo\u2010controlled study, we evaluated the effects of 25 Hz rTMS in 18 PD patients. Eight rTMS sessions were performed over a 4\u2010week period. Four cortical targets (left and right motor and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) were stimulated in each session, with 300 pulses each, 100% of motor threshold intensity. Left motor cortex (MC) excitability was assessed using motor evoked potentials (MEPs) from the abductor pollicis brevis. During the 4 weeks, times for executing walking and complex hand movements tests gradually decreased. The therapeutic rTMS effect lasted for at least 1 month after treatment ended. Right\u2010hand bradykinesia improvement correlated with increased MEP amplitude evoked by left MC rTMS after individual sessions, but improvement overall did not correlate with MC excitability. rTMS sessions appear to have a cumulative benefit for improving gait, as well as reducing upper limb bradykinesia in PD patients. Although short\u2010term benefit may be due to MC excitability enhancement, the mechanism of cumulative benefit must have another explanation. \u00a9 2005 Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,6]],"date-time":"2005-10-06T20:46:37Z","timestamp":1128631597000},"page":"325-331","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":193,"title":["Placebo\u2010controlled study of rTMS for the treatment of Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Mikhail P.","family":"Lomarev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sulada","family":"Kanchana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Bara\u2010Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meena","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric M.","family":"Wassermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Hallett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"183","volume-title":"Movements disorders. Neurological principles and practice","author":"Paulson HL","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(00)00057-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.5.892"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.4.768"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","first-page":"298","article-title":"Beneficial effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on fine motor control in Parkinson's disease","volume":"13","author":"Sommer M","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(00)00370-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2003.00649.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00007826"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19990915)57:6<935::AID-JNR19>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-15-j0003.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg268"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.8.997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","first-page":"725","article-title":"Changes in regional cerebral blood flow caused by deep\u2010brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease","volume":"43","author":"Sestini S","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-002-0906-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","first-page":"913","article-title":"Self\u2010initiated versus externally triggered movements. I. An investigation of regional cerebral blood flow with PET and movement\u2010related potentials in normal and Parkinson's disease subjects","volume":"118","author":"Jahanashahi M","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","first-page":"729","article-title":"Motor association cortex activity in Parkinson's disease \u2010 a functional MRI study","volume":"38","author":"Tada Y","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00239.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199807000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2003.12.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1255"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2003.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(02)00069-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00124509-199809000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200212200-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","article-title":"Method of parkinsonism treatment. Invention SU 1630836","author":"Lomarev MP","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bull Isobreteny"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","first-page":"255","article-title":"Modulation of cortical excitability by weak direct current stimulation \u2010 technical, safety and functional aspects","volume":"56","author":"Nitsche MA","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00449127"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02251228"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","first-page":"18","volume-title":"ECT: basic mechanisms","author":"Modigh K","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00124509-200206000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02311181"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000754"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.181342098"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5583","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-13-05583.2003","article-title":"Bear evidence for altered NMDA receptor function as a basis for metaplasticity in visual cortex","volume":"23","author":"Benjamin D","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.498402"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/MN:29:2:117"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02617"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.20713","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.20713","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T11:17:26Z","timestamp":1760959046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.20713"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.20713"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.20713","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3185","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]}}}