{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T01:29:08Z","timestamp":1791163748249,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,20]],"date-time":"2006-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1142812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ES04696"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES04696"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ES10750"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES10750"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ES07033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES07033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["T32 ES007262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 ES007262"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Inflammation and oxidative stress have been implicated as pathogenic mechanisms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Evidence from in vitro and animal studies suggests a possible protective role of nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin. We investigated the risk of PD associated with use of aspirin and nonaspirin NSAIDs in a population\u2010based case\u2010control study among enrollees of Group Health Cooperative, a health maintenance organization in the Seattle area. Subjects included 206 cases between ages 35 and 89 with a new diagnosis of idiopathic PD between 1992 and 2002, and 383 randomly selected controls frequency\u2010matched by age, sex, duration of enrollment, and clinic. We obtained information on participants' age, smoking, and medical history from interview. Exposure to NSAIDs was ascertained from an automated pharmacy database. Medications filled within 5 years of the interview were excluded. After adjusting for age, sex, smoking, duration of enrollment, and clinic, the risk of PD among individuals who received nonaspirin NSAIDs between 1977 and 1992 was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.59\u20131.35) and 1.67 (95% CI: 0.60\u20134.60) between 1993 and 2002. Use of ibuprofen was not associated with PD (OR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.60\u20131.32). The risk of PD associated with aspirin or aspirin\u2010containing medications was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.49\u20131.12). We observed no trend in risk according to number of fills for these drugs. Our results provide only limited support for the hypothesis that use of aspirin may reduce the risk of this disease, and no indication of protection from other NSAIDs. \u00a9 2006 Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,20]],"date-time":"2006-03-20T16:47:54Z","timestamp":1142873274000},"page":"964-969","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Nonsteroidal anti\u2010inflammatory drugs and risk of Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Thanh G.","family":"Ton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan R.","family":"Heckbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"W.T.","family":"Longstreth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Anne","family":"Rossing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter A.","family":"Kukull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary M.","family":"Franklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip D.","family":"Swanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terri","family":"Smith\u2010Weller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harvey","family":"Checkoway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6361"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440712"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.17.9879"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0736-5748(95)00018-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(95)00011-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(199901)14:1<6::AID-MDS1004>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00568-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(00)01294-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)04174-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1998.71041635.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(94)00099-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-6980(97)00128-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","first-page":"259","article-title":"Protective ability of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) to scavenge radiation induced free radicals in J774A.1 macrophage cells","volume":"101","author":"Saini T","year":"1998","journal-title":"Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.8.1059"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/155.8.732"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","volume-title":"Drug Facts and Comparisons","author":"Wickersham RM","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530080036038"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1994.63051987.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Pharmacoepidemiology","author":"Saunders KW SA","year":"1994"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.20856","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.20856","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T11:20:14Z","timestamp":1760959214000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.20856"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,20]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.20856"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.20856","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3185","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,20]]}}}