{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T12:18:56Z","timestamp":1790079536325,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,13]],"date-time":"2006-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1150156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,13]],"date-time":"2006-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1150156800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    To investigate the clinical features of early\u2010onset primary torsion dystonia (EO\u2010PTD), 57 consecutive genetically characterized patients with onset before 21 years were studied. Sex, ethnic origin, family history of dystonia, age at onset, disease duration, site of dystonia onset and distribution at latest examination, dystonia progression, time to generalization, and motor disability were noted. The 14 patients (25%) with GAG deletion (904_906\/907_909delGAG) in the\n                    <jats:italic>DYT1<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene were compared with the remaining non\u2010DYT1 patients. Cranial involvement was present in 49% of non\u2010DYT1 cases, but only 14% of DYT1 cases; non\u2010DYT1 patients were younger at time of generalization. DYT1 cases had features similar to sporadic non\u2010DYT1 cases but differed markedly from familial non\u2010DYT1 cases, the latter having later age at onset, less common limb onset, more frequent cervical involvement, and slower progression than DYT1 PTD. These findings indicate that non\u2010DYT1 forms of EO\u2010PTD differ clinically from those of DYT1 forms. Cranial involvement before 21 years of age is the strongest predictor of non\u2010DYT1 status. Positive family history and cervical involvement are associated with less severe progression in non\u2010DYT1 forms. \u00a9 2006 Movement Disorder Society\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,13]],"date-time":"2006-06-13T13:07:55Z","timestamp":1150204075000},"page":"1411-1418","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Non\u2010DYT1 early\u2010onset primary torsion dystonia: Comparison with DYT1 phenotype and review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Fasano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nardo","family":"Nardocci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio 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