{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T12:40:26Z","timestamp":1760964026015,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,21]],"date-time":"2007-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1179705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Silas Weir Mitchell (1829\u20131914) is recognized as an important American neurologist. Biographers refer in brief to a tremor. The objective of this review was to characterize Mitchell's tremor using handwriting samples, to examine handwriting samples of family members to determine whether this tremor was familial, and study Mitchell's allusions to tremor in personal, scientific, and fictional writings. Primary sources were the Papers of S. Weir Mitchell, College of Physicians of Philadelphia, and Mitchell's scientific and fictional writings. Mitchell's early handwriting was tremor\u2010free yet, by 1873, the writing was tremulous. Handwriting in the 1880s and 1890s shows clear oscillations of moderate\u2010amplitude. By the first decade of the 20th century, his handwriting was virtually illegible. Letters written by two siblings, his mother, and maternal grandfather also reveal tremor. Tremor was not prominent in Mitchell's personal or scientific writings and Mitchell referred to tremor in only 4 of 27 fictional writings In conclusion, Mitchell had a familial action tremor that began when he was in his early 40's and worsened considerably with age. The likely diagnosis was essential tremor. Curiously, Mitchell rarely alluded to tremor in personal writings and tremor was not prominently featured in his scientific or fictional works. \u00a9 2007 Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,21]],"date-time":"2007-05-21T19:02:49Z","timestamp":1179774169000},"page":"1217-1222","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Silas Weir Mitchell's essential tremor"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Elan D.","family":"Louis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000208512.66181.9e"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.4.1128"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"175","article-title":"Who was S Weir Mitchell?","volume":"170","author":"Weaver DF","year":"2004","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"volume-title":"Gunshot wounds and other injuries of nerves","year":"1864","author":"Morehouse GR","key":"e_1_2_6_5_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/jhin.11.2.156.15196"},{"first-page":"1","year":"1866","series-title":"The case of George Dedlow. The Atlantic Monthly","key":"e_1_2_6_7_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-187207000-00024"},{"volume-title":"W Weir Mitchell, novelist and physician","year":"1950","author":"Earnest E","key":"e_1_2_6_9_2"},{"volume-title":"Weir Mitchell: his life and letters","year":"1929","author":"Burr AR","key":"e_1_2_6_10_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000196645.96131.b2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","unstructured":"MitchellSW.Autobiography. Historical Library. Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","unstructured":"Catalogue of the Scientific and Literary Work of S. Weir Mitchell (Typewritten in 1894). Historical Library. Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"volume-title":"Index Medicus","year":"1879","author":"Billings J.S.","key":"e_1_2_6_14_2"},{"volume-title":"Silas Weir Mitchell. The versatile physician (1829\u20131914). A sketch of his life and his literary contributions","year":"1934","author":"Mumey N","key":"e_1_2_6_15_2"},{"volume-title":"A medical biography","year":"1970","author":"Walter RD. S","key":"e_1_2_6_16_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","unstructured":"MitchellSW.Letter (Wednesday April 1851). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","unstructured":"MitchellSW.1851 European Travel Journal. Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","unstructured":"MitchellSW.Letter to Elizabeth K. Mitchell (July 26 1863). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","unstructured":"MitchellSW.Letter to Elizabeth K. Mitchell (July 11 1868). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","unstructured":"MitchellSW.Letter to Elizabeth K. Mitchell (July 2 1872). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","unstructured":"MitchellSW.Letter to Elizabeth K. Mitchell (July 20 1873). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","unstructured":"MitchellSW.Letter to Elizabeth K. Mitchell (July 27 1873). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","unstructured":"MitchellSW.Travel journal to Yellowstone Park (July 3\u201027 1879). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1997.00550140069014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","unstructured":"MitchellSW.1887 Diary. Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","unstructured":"MitchellSW.1891 European Travel Journal. Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","unstructured":"MitchellSW.1898 Visa document (The Agency and Consulate General of the United States of America in Cairo\u2010Egypt). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","unstructured":"MitchellSW.European travel journal (1901). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","unstructured":"MitchellSW.Diary entry (August 26 1909). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","unstructured":"MitchellSW.Letter to Anne KW Mitchell from the Cascapedia Club in Quebec (July 2 1910). Historical Library. Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","unstructured":"MitchellSW.Letter to John K. Mitchell (July 18 1913). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","unstructured":"MitchellSW.Letter (October 25 1913). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","unstructured":"MitchellSW.Papers found on Mitchell's desk at the time of his death. Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","unstructured":"MitchellJK.Letters. Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","unstructured":"MitchellM.Letter to Letitia Mitchell Harrison (1855). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","unstructured":"MitchellM.Letter (1855). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","unstructured":"MitchellM.Letter (July 3 1861). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","unstructured":"MitchellM.Letter (September 19 1864). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_2","unstructured":"MitchellM.Letter (July 1868). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_2","unstructured":"MitchellM.Letter (July 20 1820). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"volume-title":"Old Philadelphia Families","year":"1912","author":"Willing Leach, F","key":"e_1_2_6_42_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_2","unstructured":"HenryA.Letter (1825). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_2","unstructured":"HenryA.Letter presumed to be from the 1830s. Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_2","unstructured":"Mitchell HarrsionL.Letter (February 13 1899). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_2","unstructured":"Mitchell HarrsionL.Letter (August 28 1909). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_2","unstructured":"MitchellE.The Consolidation of Philadelphia (1854). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_2","unstructured":"MitchellE.Letter (May 20 1862). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_2","unstructured":"MitchellSW.Diary entry (December 10 1909). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_2","unstructured":"MitchellSW.Diary entry (December 10 1908). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_2","unstructured":"MitchellSW.Diary entry (December 29 1907). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_2","unstructured":"MitchellSW.Letter to J. William White (December 18 1906). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_2","unstructured":"MitchellSW.Letter to Ronald Ross (May 27 1907). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_2","unstructured":"MitchellSW.Letter to Amelia Gere Mason (May 8 1912). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_2","unstructured":"MitchellSW.Letter to Anne W.W. Mitchell (February 15 1899). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_2","first-page":"231","article-title":"Choreoid movements in an adult male, probably of hysterical origin; relationship to habit\u2010chorea","volume":"62","author":"Mitchell SW","year":"1893","journal-title":"Med News"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_2","first-page":"321","article-title":"On functional spasms","volume":"72","author":"Mitchell SW","year":"1876","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_2","first-page":"177","article-title":"Clinical lectures on nervousness in the male","volume":"35","author":"Mitchell SW","year":"1877","journal-title":"Med News"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-190905000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_2","first-page":"100","article-title":"Notes on headaches","volume":"32","author":"Mitchell SW","year":"1875","journal-title":"Med Surg Reporter"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_2","first-page":"101","article-title":"Clinical reports. Anaemic headaches, etc.","volume":"34","author":"Mitchell SW","year":"1876","journal-title":"Med Surg Reporter"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_2","first-page":"445","article-title":"Headache; chronic meningitis; opium habit","volume":"100","author":"Mitchell SW","year":"1879","journal-title":"Boston Med Surg J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_2","first-page":"269","article-title":"Permanent headaches","volume":"3","author":"Mitchell SW","year":"1982","journal-title":"Int Clin Philadel"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_2","first-page":"1023","article-title":"The relation of neuralgic headaches to storms","volume":"56","author":"Mitchell SW","year":"1903","journal-title":"Am Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"The relation of neuralgic headaches to storms","volume":"25","author":"Mitchell SW","year":"1903","journal-title":"Coll Phys Philadel"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_2","unstructured":"MitchellSW.Letter to Amelia Mason (January 27 1912). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"volume-title":"A brief sketch of his life with personal recollections","year":"1914","author":"Tucker BR.","key":"e_1_2_6_67_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200007)15:4<720::AID-MDS1019>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.2.3.301"},{"volume-title":"In War Time","year":"1884","author":"Mitchell SW","key":"e_1_2_6_70_2"},{"volume-title":"Little Stories","year":"1891","author":"Mitchell SW","key":"e_1_2_6_71_2"},{"volume-title":"The Adventures of Francois","year":"1897","author":"Mitchell SW","key":"e_1_2_6_72_2"},{"volume-title":"Circumstance","year":"1901","author":"Mitchell SW","key":"e_1_2_6_73_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.100.6.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_75_2","unstructured":"KeenWW.Responses to questions about S. Weir Mitchell (ca 1920). Historical Library Philadelphia College of Physicians."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_76_2","first-page":"583","article-title":"Personal glimpses of S. Weir Mitchell. Incidents in the life of the physician, scientist, novelist and poet narrated by his associate and assistant","volume":"1","author":"Taylor JM","year":"1929","journal-title":"Ann Med Hist"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-188710000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-190303000-00003"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.21526","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.21526","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T12:24:33Z","timestamp":1760963073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.21526"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,21]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.21526"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.21526","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0885-3185"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1531-8257"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,21]]}}}