{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T12:37:25Z","timestamp":1790512645996,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,3]],"date-time":"2007-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1191369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Encephalitis lethargica (EL) syndrome was classically described by Von Economo and has somnolent\u2010ophthalmoplegic, hyperkinetic, and amyostatic\u2010akinetic forms. We describe 2 recent cases of EL characterized by an acute encephalitis with mixed movement disorders (dystonia\u2010Parkinsonism plus stereotypy) and psychiatric disorders (agitated catatonia, coprolalia, and echo phenomena). Both patients suffered concurrent hyperkinetic and Parkinsonian features resulting in therapeutic challenges. Bradykinetic features responded to dopamine replacement therapy and both patients also had adverse affects to dopamine antagonists (oculogyric crises plus neuroleptic malignant syndrome). Investigation was unremarkable other than the presence of CSF lymphocytosis and oligoclonal bands. Despite prolonged in\u2010patient stays and intensive care management, both patients have made complete recoveries. We believe these cases support the hypothesis that this syndrome is an inflammatory encephalitis that specifically effects dopamine neurotransmission. \u00a9 2007 Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,3]],"date-time":"2007-10-03T13:47:16Z","timestamp":1191419236000},"page":"2281-2284","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Contemporary encephalitis lethargica presenting with agitated catatonia, stereotypy, and dystonia\u2010parkinsonism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Russell C.","family":"Dale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","volume-title":"Encephalitis lethargica. 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