{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T22:58:29Z","timestamp":1781564309530,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,3]],"date-time":"2008-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A form of fixed dystonia (FD) without evidence of basal ganglia lesions or neurodegeneration has been recently characterized (Schrag et al., Brain 2004;127:2360\u20102372), which may overlap the clinical spectrum of either complex regional pain syndrome or psychogenic dystonia. Transcranial magnetic stimulation studies in typically mobile dystonia revealed abnormal motor cortical excitability and sensori\u2010motor integration. We compared 12 patients with limb FD to 10 patients with primary adult\u2010onset typically mobile dystonia and 11 age\u2010matched healthy volunteers. Measurements at the first digital interosseus representation area on both hemispheres included: short intracortical inhibition (SICI), contralateral silent period (cSP), and short and long afferent inhibition (SAI and LAI). Repeated measure ANOVA and post\u2010hoc <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests were used for statistical analysis. SICI was significantly reduced in both hemispheres of patients with \u201ctypical\u201d and FD, compared to healthy subjects. For both hemispheres, cSP duration was shorter in both fixed and \u201ctypical\u201d dystonia patients. SAI and LAI did not significantly differ between the three groups. The abnormal cortical excitability observed in FD might represent an underlying trait predisposing to different clinical forms of dystonia. \u00a9 2007 Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,3]],"date-time":"2008-01-03T17:16:18Z","timestamp":1199380578000},"page":"646-652","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Cortical excitability is abnormal in patients with the \u201cfixed dystonia\u201d syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Avanzino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart P. 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