{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:45:55Z","timestamp":1761007555499,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,16]],"date-time":"2008-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1218844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Myoclonus in older individuals usually occurs in the context of associated neurologic features which allow the diagnosis of the underlying disorder. We encountered 7 patients with a newly recognized myoclonus syndrome; we use the term primary progressive myoclonus of aging (PPMA) for this syndrome. Our purpose was to characterize the clinical and electrophysiological properties of this syndrome. Our database was searched for the presence of \u201cmyoclonus\u201d in the physical examination. Medical records and laboratory data were retrospectively reviewed, including electrophysiology data. We applied our criteria for PPMA: (1) asymmetric symptomatic action myoclonus, (2) \u226565 years of age, (3) cortical myoclonus physiology, (4) no dementia, (5) no associated features of defined neurodegenerative disorders, and (6) no secondary cause found. Seven patients fulfilled criteria. Age at presentation ranged from 70 to 87 years. Mean duration from myoclonus onset to last follow\u2010up was 2.9 years. Electrophysiology showed positive\u2010negative back\u2010averaged transients, consistent with cortical myoclonus. No patient demonstrated dementia. Brain imaging in all cases was unremarkable. PPMA is a unique syndrome with characteristic findings that differentiate it from dementias and defined neurodegenerative syndromes. It is important to distinguish primary PPMA from other syndromes seen in older individuals to avoid diagnostic confusion. Some cases showed a response to levetiracetam. \u00a9 2008 Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,16]],"date-time":"2008-08-16T14:53:12Z","timestamp":1218898392000},"page":"1658-1664","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Primary progressive myoclonus of aging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John N.","family":"Caviness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"196","volume-title":"Movement disorders","author":"Marsden CD","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(04)00880-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10177"},{"volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"1994","author":"American Psychiatric Association","key":"e_1_2_6_5_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(200003)23:3<321::AID-MUS3>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.5.1183"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.5.1197"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2005.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1212\/01.CON.0000293547.16812.60","article-title":"Frontotemporal dementia","volume":"10","author":"Graff\u2010Radford N","year":"2004","journal-title":"Continuum"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.10.1520"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.60.3.523"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"399","article-title":"Myoclonus in Alzheimer's disease and minipolymyoclonus","volume":"43","author":"Hallett M","year":"1986","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002383099200500205"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21055"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","first-page":"615","article-title":"An autospy case of Alzheimer disease with myoclonus and periodic spikes on EEG","volume":"48","author":"Iijima M","year":"1994","journal-title":"Jpn J Psychiatry Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1212\/01.CON.0000267235.69379.07","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease","volume":"13","author":"Farlow MR","year":"2007","journal-title":"Continuum"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000260225.46732.af"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2004.56902.x"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.22085","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.22085","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T14:16:55Z","timestamp":1760969815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.22085"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,16]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.22085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.22085","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0885-3185"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1531-8257"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,16]]}}}