{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:44:41Z","timestamp":1790891081627,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,9]],"date-time":"2009-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1234137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder involving several neuronal systems. Impaired olfactory function may constitute one of the earliest symptoms of PD. However, it is still unclear to what degree changes of the olfactory epithelium may contribute to dysosmia and if these changes are different from those of other hyposmic or anosmic patients. This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that olfactory loss in PD is a consequence of specific PD\u2010related damage of olfactory epithelium. Biopsies of 7 patients diagnosed with PD were taken. Six patients with PD were hyposmic, one anosmic. As non\u2010PD controls served 9 patients with hyposmia, 9 with anosmia, and 7 normosmic individuals. Further, nasal mucosa of 4 postmortem individuals was investigated. Immunohistochemical examinations were performed with antibodies against olfactory marker protein (OMP), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), beta\u2010tubulin, (BT), proliferation\u2010associated antigen (Ki 67), the stem cell marker nestin, cytokeratin, p75NGFr, and \u03b1\u2010synuclein. Most of the biopsy specimens exhibited irregular areas of olfactory\u2010like, dysplastic epithelium positive for either PGP 9.5 or BT, but negative for OMP. No major histochemical differences in either the expression or distribution of these proteins were observed in the olfactory epithelium of patients with PD compared with controls. Reverse transcription PCR (RT\u2010PCR) data indicated mRNA for OMP in almost all subjects, independently of their olfactory performance. These data support the idea that olfactory loss in Parkinson's disease is not a consequence of damage to the olfactory epithelium but rather results from distinct central\u2010nervous abnormalities. \u00a9 2009 Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,9]],"date-time":"2009-02-09T17:36:42Z","timestamp":1234201002000},"page":"906-914","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":134,"title":["Biopsies of olfactory epithelium in patients with Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Witt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Bormann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Gudziol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Pehlke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Barth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Minovi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antje","family":"H\u00e4hner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinz","family":"Reichmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hummel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00065-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10713"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2990.2003.00459.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2007.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.113860"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949510400812"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1999.7228"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10459"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-006-0173-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200003000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLG.0000181493.83661.CE"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200007000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1992.01880070061012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/29.4.6166661"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.124.8.861"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000093759"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198312000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1070230202"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10576.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02463.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1982.tb03764.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(94)00139-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11068-005-8355-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.10047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20424"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90662-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-007-9141-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00307-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/92.8.473"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22066"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21327"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(93)90045-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2007.00874.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1265"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-0665-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903100307"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.9.829"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-005-0280-x"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.22464","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.22464","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T12:26:02Z","timestamp":1760963162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.22464"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,9]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.22464"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.22464","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3185","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,9]]}}}