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The diagnosis can be made difficult, delayed, and often misled by several factors: variability of dystonia presentation, uncertain recognition of the specific physical signs, lack of diagnostic tests, wide etiological spectrum, and coexistence of other movement disorders. Diagnostic tools are of limited assistance for the diagnosis of dystonia, which remains based on clinical diagnostic skills. We propose here, a new diagnostic algorithm to systematize the clinical diagnostic workout. A correct recognition of the physical signs that constitute the hallmark of most dystonia syndromes provides the grounds to perform a structured diagnostic sequence and share a consistent methodology. This clinical algorithm may be enhanced by adding diagnostic tools for dystonia, once their diagnostic value is assessed. \u00a9 2009 Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]],"date-time":"2009-07-01T02:21:13Z","timestamp":1246414873000},"page":"1725-1731","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Is this dystonia?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Alberto","family":"Albanese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Lalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70226-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","first-page":"1090","article-title":"\u00dcber eine eigenartige Krampfkrankheit des kindlichen und jugendlichen Alters (Dysbasia lordotica progressiva, Dystonia musculorum deformans)","volume":"30","author":"Oppenheim H","year":"1911","journal-title":"Neurologische Centralblatt"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Definition of dystonia and classification of the dystonic states","volume":"14","author":"Fahn S","year":"1976","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/97.1.793"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","first-page":"351","article-title":"Dystonia: the spectrum of the disease","volume":"55","author":"Marsden CD","year":"1976","journal-title":"Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.39.12.1204"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.32.10.1202"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/105.3.461"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","first-page":"332","volume-title":"Movement disorders 2","author":"Fahn S","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.5_Suppl_5.S1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-003-0236-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01537.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70547-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.5_Suppl_5.S1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","first-page":"133","volume-title":"Clinical symptomatology of diseases of the basal ganglia. 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