{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:00:30Z","timestamp":1788872430310,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,7]],"date-time":"2009-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH\/NINDS","award":["R01 NS048517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS048517"]}]},{"name":"NIH\/NINDS","award":["T32 ES07069-26"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 ES07069-26"]}]},{"name":"Intramural Research Program"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["Z01ES1019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z01ES1019"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["W81XWH-091-0881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-091-0881"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    To determine if reproductive factors or exogenous estrogen are associated with risk of Parkinson's disease (PD), we conducted a prospective study with 22 years of follow\u2010up among postmenopausal participants in the Nurses' Health Study. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of PD were estimated from a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for potential confounders. Risk of PD was not significantly associated with any of the reproductive factors measured or exogenous estrogen use. Use of postmenopausal hormones, however, may modify the associations of smoking and caffeine intake with PD risk. The inverse relation between smoking and PD risk was attenuated among ever users of postmenopausal hormones (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    for interaction = 0.05). Similar results were obtained for caffeine (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    for interaction = 0.09). In exploratory analyses, women using progestin\u2010only hormones were found to have an increased PD risk, but this result was based on a very small number of cases (n = 4). In this large longitudinal study, we found no evidence of a beneficial effect of exogenous or endogenous estrogens on risk of PD. The use of postmenopausal hormone use may interact with other risk factors, but findings are preliminary and need confirmation in other populations. \u00a9 2009 Movement Disorder Society\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,7]],"date-time":"2009-05-07T15:34:29Z","timestamp":1241710469000},"page":"1359-1365","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Reproductive factors, exogenous estrogen use, and risk of Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Kelly Claire","family":"Simon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honglei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael 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