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Here, we combined transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) to explore functional and structural interhemispheric connections between the left and right motor hand areas. We studied 14 unmedicated GTS patients without psychiatric comorbidity (2 women, mean age 35.5 years) and 15 healthy volunteers (3 women, mean age 35 years). Left\u2010to\u2010right and right\u2010to\u2010left interhemispheric inhibitions (IHIs) were measured in hand muscles with TMS. In 13 GTS patients and all healthy controls, we measured fractional anisotropy (FA) with DTI to examine the relation between functional measures of interhemispheric connectivity as derived by TMS and structural properties of the CC region that carries fibers interconnecting both motor cortices. In GTS patients, left\u2010to\u2010right IHI was weaker than right\u2010to\u2010left IHI. Left\u2010to\u2010right IHI in GTS patients was also reduced compared with healthy controls. Voxel\u2010based morphometric analysis revealed that FA in the motor region of the CC did not differ between groups. However, there was a significant interaction between groups and the relation between regional FA and left\u2010to\u2010right IHI in the motor region of the CC. A negative linear relation between FA and left\u2010to\u2010right IHI was present in control subjects but not in patients. Our combined TMS\u2010DTI approach demonstrates abnormal functional interhemispheric connectivity in GTS accompanied by an altered structure\u2013function relationship in the motor CC. \u00a9 2010 Movement Disorder Society.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,19]],"date-time":"2010-10-19T14:13:22Z","timestamp":1287497602000},"page":"2828-2837","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Interhemispheric motor networks are abnormal in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Tobias","family":"B\u00e4umer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6tz","family":"Thomalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Kroeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Jonas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Gerloff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Friedhelm Christoph","family":"Hummel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten","family":"M\u00fcller\u2010Vahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfons","family":"Schnitzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hartwig Roman","family":"Siebner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Orth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"M\u00fcnchau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Phenomenology of tics and natural history of tic disorders","volume":"85","author":"Leckman JF","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(03)90012-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"113","article-title":"Neurobiology of basal ganglia circuits in Tourette syndrome: faulty inhibition of unwanted motor patterns?","volume":"85","author":"Mink JW","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.8.741"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70018-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.5.950"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.49.2.410"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.5.941"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.4.415"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.5.427"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.1.85"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4927(02)00066-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn339"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4927(94)90003-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.2.477"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.11.2028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01639.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20044"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.9.1277"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh473"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.149484"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(71)90067-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1234-988X(199612)6:4<203::AID-MPR165>3.3.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association (APA)","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.9.2108"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","volume-title":"SKID\u2010I. 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