{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T01:00:41Z","timestamp":1792285241294,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,20]],"date-time":"2011-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1308528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> The preoperative evaluation in dystonia aims at characterizing the severity and topography of motor symptoms in patients, who have previously been selected for deep brain stimulation (DBS). <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> The literature search was performed using PubMed, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Collaborative databases. <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Commonly used scales for clinical assessment are the Burke\u2010Fahn\u2010Marsden dystonia rating scale for generalized dystonia and the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Scale for cervical dystonia. Motor assessment is completed by quality of life and functional scales, such as the Short\u2010Form Health Survey (SF\u201036) or the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire 39. Validated rating scales for cranial or upper limb dystonia are lacking. <jats:bold>Discussion:<\/jats:bold> In common clinical practice, these outcome measures can be administered in an open\u2010label fashion because double blind assessment is only required for ascertaining new treatment indications or research purposes. The same measures are to be used postoperatively to revaluate outcome after DBS. Brain MRI is required to confirm diagnosis and assess structural abnormalities. Other imaging techniques, particularly functional imaging, are used for research purposes. \u00a9 2011 Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,20]],"date-time":"2011-06-20T13:59:11Z","timestamp":1308578351000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Pre\u2010operative evaluations for DBS in dystonia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Thobois","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takaomi","family":"Taira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Comella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Moro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Bressman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"and Alberto","family":"Albanese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","article-title":"Inclusion and exclusion criteria for DBS in Dystonia","author":"Bronte\u2010Stewart H","year":"2010","journal-title":"In this Mov Disord Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","article-title":"EFNS guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of primary dystonias","author":"Albanese A","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20954"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.35.1.73"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","volume-title":"Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale. 1976. ECDEU Assessment of Manual for Psychopharmacology","author":"Guy E","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ChouinardG MargoleseHC.Manual for the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS). Schizophr Res.2005 Jul 15;76(2\u20103):247\u2013265.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)92070-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"211","volume-title":"Therapy with botulinum toxin","author":"Consky E","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10377"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2009.03581.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015291021312"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20055"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","first-page":"CD003633","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type A therapy for cervical dystonia","volume":"1","author":"Costa J","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000336535.27773.c0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa063618"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042187"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70035-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm229"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.2.170"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70151-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5261-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100003401"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870120414"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.65.4.472"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.7.1439"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.7.1431"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","first-page":"E5","article-title":"The Canadian multicenter trial of pallidal deep brain stimulation for cervical dystonia: preliminary results in three patients","volume":"17","author":"Kiss ZH","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000183055.81056.5c"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20403"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000064591"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2004.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870120117"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.53.8.633"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870090606"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22368"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.61.2.172"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1250"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.065334"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.057992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-0614-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00007730"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000142962.11881.26"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000249310.25427.f2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20457"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20767"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)80022-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.72.2.249"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2003.98.4.0785"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.92.3.0453"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02410-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2004.101.2.0189"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000267430.95106.ff"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.031104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.089409"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21580"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2006.104.4.488"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000190257.55434.ab"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.109694"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150170116"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2003.00592.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20510"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1122"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.039248"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000068527.25191.78"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.72.1.59"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21723"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000143331.86101.5E"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.70.4.557"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000149762.80932.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00029330-200612020-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00029330-200605010-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2004.100.4.0706"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.102.4.0721"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200009)15:5<1010::AID-MDS1039>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn120"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02520.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_84_2","article-title":"Long\u2010term management (includes adverse events, battery change, imaging, trouble shooting, special considerations)","author":"Tagliati M","year":"2010","journal-title":"In this Mov Disord Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_85_2","first-page":"265","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of dystonic states","volume":"50","author":"Rutledge JN","year":"1988","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000094240.93745.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21495"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.5.846"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000266591.49624.1a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20113"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21619"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.03.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.6.1055"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-008-0854-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000310985.40011.d6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-3787(06)75080-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130611"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340000532"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2007.02034.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21295"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_101_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dystonia: abnormal movements result from loss of inhibition","volume":"94","author":"Hallett M","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410370313"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130218"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.4.871"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh213"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.1.96"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410370608"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000158424.01299.76"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600610"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000532"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.11.1248"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.23481","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.23481","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T09:29:14Z","timestamp":1760952554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.23481"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"references-count":110,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.23481"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.23481","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3185","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]}}}