{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T09:25:31Z","timestamp":1778577931008,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,16]],"date-time":"2011-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1297814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Abnormally enhanced cortical rhythmic activities have been reported in patients with cortical myoclonus. We recently reported a new triad\u2010conditioning transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) method to detect the intrinsic rhythms of the primary motor cortex (M1). Triad\u2010conditioning TMS revealed a 40\u2010Hz intrinsic rhythm of M1 in normal subjects. In this investigation, we study the motor cortical facilitation induced by rhythmic triple TMS pulses (triad\u2010conditioning TMS) in patients with cortical myoclonus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjects were 7 patients with cortical myoclonus (28\u201374 years old) and 13 healthy volunteers (30\u201371 years old). Three conditioning stimuli over M1 at the intensity of 110% active motor threshold preceded the test TMS at various interstimulus intervals corresponding to 10\u2013200 Hz. The resulting amplitudes of conditioned motor evoked potentials recorded from the contralateral hand muscle were compared with those evoked by the test stimulus alone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The facilitation at 25 ms (40 Hz) observed in normal subjects was absent in patients with cortical myoclonus. Instead, triad\u2010conditioning TMS induced facilitation at a 40 ms interval (25 Hz) in cortical myoclonus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>This change in the timing of facilitation may be explained by a shift of the most preferential intrinsic rhythm of M1, or by some dysfunction in the interneuronal network in cortical myoclonus. \u00a9 2011 Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,16]],"date-time":"2011-02-16T16:45:12Z","timestamp":1297874712000},"page":"685-690","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Triad stimulation frequency for cortical facilitation in cortical myoclonus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Hanajima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Terao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Nakatani\u2010Enomoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Okabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Shirota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Oominami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Ugawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.10.1561"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-4694(98)00115-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870090609"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.4.1307"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(75)90046-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(03)00126-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.3.461"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(00)00475-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.12.2459"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10535"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(03)00126-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1993.sp019912"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410400306"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.49.3.881"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.04.094"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.1.309"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2008.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870150709"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-003-1455-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2008.05.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1996.sp021734"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2006.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0607443103"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5284.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402060101"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08935"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.06.016"}],"container-title":["Movement 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