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States of wakeful inactivity\u2014as opposed to drowsiness\u2014were often described both in the acute and postacute stages and were referred to in the EL literature as \u201clethargy\u201d or \u201ctorpor.\u201d The study described here is based on a survey of clinical descriptions published in English, French, and German from 1917 to 1942. Its focus is on the history of clinical ideas, rather than applying modern pathophysiological concepts retrospectively. Descriptions of lethargy are explored as a way of elucidating concepts of sleep, fatigue, and motivation during the study period.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The literature described many patients who had (1) lethargy without interruption in consciousness; (2) slowness of movement and catalepsy without other prominent parkinsonian features; and (3) apathy and lack of initiative without severe disorders of mood or thought content. Hence observers distinguished a state of wakeful inactivity from primary disorders of sleep, movement and behavior.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Contemporaneous accounts suggest that writers had difficulty in reconciling their observations with preexisting concepts; there still may be limitations in our ability to describe and classify the clinical states connected during the epidemic era with the term \u201clethargy.\u201d \u00a9 2011 Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,10]],"date-time":"2011-02-10T19:02:02Z","timestamp":1297364522000},"page":"599-604","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["On doing nothing: Descriptions of sleep, fatigue, and motivation in encephalitis lethargica"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Ward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","first-page":"866","article-title":"Neue Beitr\u00e4ge zur Encephalitis Lethargica","volume":"36","author":"von Economo C","year":"1917","journal-title":"Neurologische Zentralblatt"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Quarante cas d'enc\u00e9phalo\u2010my\u00e9lite subaigue: Soc m\u00e9d des H\u00f4pitaux de","author":"Cruchet R","year":"1917"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Encephalitis lethargica: its sequelae and treatment","author":"von Economo C","year":"1931"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","volume-title":"Les S\u00e9quelles de l'Enc\u00e9phalite \u00c9pid\u00e9mique","author":"Guillain G","year":"1932"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","series-title":"Infections of the nervous system handbook of clinical neurology","first-page":"451","author":"Yahr MD","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","volume-title":"Epidemic encephalitis. 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