{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:32:14Z","timestamp":1791484334846,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,11]],"date-time":"2011-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1302480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tourette syndrome is a common childhood\u2010onset neurobehavioral disorder characterized by multiple motor and phonic tics affecting boys more frequently than girls. Premonitory sensory urges prior to tic execution are common, and this phenomenon helps to distinguish tics from other hyperkinetic movement disorders. Tourette syndrome is commonly associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive\u2010compulsive disorder, learning difficulties, and impulse control disorder. The pathophysiology of this complex disorder is not well understood. Involvement of basal ganglia\u2013related circuits and dopaminergic system has been suggested by various imaging and postmortem studies. Although it is considered a genetic disorder, possibly modified by environmental factors, an intense search has thus far failed to find causative genes. Symptomatic treatment of tics chiefly utilizes various alpha adrenergic agonists, antidopaminergic drugs, topiramate, botulinum toxin, and deep brain stimulation. Habit reversal therapy and other behavioral approaches may be a reasonable option for some cases. Improved understanding of Tourette syndrome should lead to better symptomatic and more effective pathogenesis\u2010targeted therapies. \u00a9 2011 Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,12]],"date-time":"2011-04-12T01:41:23Z","timestamp":1302572483000},"page":"1149-1156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":173,"title":["Tourette syndrome: Evolving concepts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Joseph","family":"Jankovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Kurlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23202"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra010032"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22733"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","article-title":"The association of Tourette syndrome and dopa\u2010responsive ]dystonia","author":"Yaltho TC","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.03135.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10618"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900016606"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23088"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","first-page":"464","volume-title":"Sleep and Movement Disorders","author":"Hanna PA","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.18.1.86"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.1.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.160.1.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23199"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21599"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22261"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181d0cc77"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"Tics associated with other disorders","author":"Jankovic J","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21955"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2657"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502624102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.8.1383"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2008.03.006","article-title":"The prevalence and epidemiology of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome part 1: the epidemiological and prevalence studies","volume":"65","author":"Robertson MM","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Psychosom Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_2","first-page":"581","article-title":"Prevalence of diagnosed Tourette syndrome in persons aged 6\u201317 years\u2014United States, 2007","volume":"58","author":"Scahill L","year":"2009","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.4.813"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1116502"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e0f147"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e24161"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410300408"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00007806"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.8.1329"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181a187dd"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21809"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.1.85"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20765"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_2","article-title":"Abnormal metabolic brain networks in Tourette syndrome","author":"Pourfar M","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000264417.18604.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(01)00262-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23418"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22378"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70183-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.10.58"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14728214.10.2.365"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.7.1067"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_2","article-title":"Tardive dyskinesia and other movements disorders secondary to aripiprazole","author":"Pe\u00f1a MS","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-010-0073-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.185348"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21063"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"Tetrabenazine in the treatment of Tourette syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Kenney C","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Ped Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073807307108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.8.1190"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.5.605"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.607"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10649"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.4.874"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22238"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS-07\/11\/1004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00044011-200828070-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21398"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20551"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000250354.81556.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181a60a0c"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2008.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2010.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21039"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurx.2006.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2008.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.4.527"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(07)80083-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000188869.58300.a7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1007805"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.23618","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.23618","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T12:31:45Z","timestamp":1760963505000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.23618"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,11]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.23618"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.23618","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3185","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,11]]}}}