{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:00:21Z","timestamp":1790870421382,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,14]],"date-time":"2011-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1302739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The treatment of writer's cramp, a task\u2010specific focal hand dystonia, needs new approaches. A deficiency of inhibition in the motor cortex might cause writer's cramp. Transcranial direct current stimulation modulates cortical excitability and may provide a therapeutic alternative. In this randomized, double\u2010blind, sham\u2010controlled study, we investigated the efficacy of cathodal stimulation of the contralateral motor cortex in 3 sessions in 1 week. Assessment over a 2\u2010week period included clinical scales, subjective ratings, kinematic handwriting analysis, and neurophysiological evaluation. Twelve patients with unilateral dystonic writer's cramp were investigated; 6 received transcranial direct current and 6 sham stimulation. Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation had no favorable effects on clinical scales and failed to restore normal handwriting kinematics and cortical inhibition. Subjective worsening remained unexplained, leading to premature study termination. Repeated sessions of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex yielded no favorable results supporting a therapeutic potential in writer's cramp. \u00a9 2011 Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,14]],"date-time":"2011-04-14T09:43:56Z","timestamp":1302774236000},"page":"1698-1702","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Transcranial direct current stimulation for the treatment of focal hand dystonia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"David H.","family":"Benninger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikhail","family":"Lomarev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grisel","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natassja","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Luckenbaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Hallett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.3.529"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh315"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199807130-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089892903321662994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.202556"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh369"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Quantification of Neurologic Deficit","author":"Fahn S","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.61.2.172"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(94)90053-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","volume-title":"CS Version 5.0 Operating Manual Computational Analysis of Handwriting Movements","author":"Marquardt C","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20314"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20160"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22938"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2007.896994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh527"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20113"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","series-title":"Dystonia 4. 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