{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:03:25Z","timestamp":1790388205452,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,31]],"date-time":"2011-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1325289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to examine associations among serum 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D levels, 1,25\u2010dihyroxyvitamin D levels, vitamin D receptor polymorphisms, vitamin D binding protein gene polymorphisms, and the severity of Parkinson's disease. In 137 patients, the severity of Parkinson's disease was evaluated using Hoehn &amp; Yahr stage and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Stage by neurologists and compared with 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D receptor polymorphisms, ie, Fok<jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic> (rs10735810), Bsm<jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic> (rs1544410), Cdx2 (rs11568820), ApaI (rs7976091), and TaqI (rs731236), and vitamin D binding protein gene polymorphisms GC1 (rs7041)\/GC2 (rs4588) in a cross\u2010sectional study. Mean \u00b1 standard deviation levels of 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D were 21.1 \u00b1 9.0 ng\/mL. Levels were deficient (&lt;20 ng\/mL) in 49% of patients. In contrast, 1,25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D levels were considered normal in all patients. Higher circulating 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D levels were significantly associated with milder Parkinson's disease evaluated by Hoehn &amp; Yahr stage (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .002) and total Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Stage (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .004) even after multivariate adjustment for 8 covariates, including disease duration. However, significant associations were not observed in 1,25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D levels. Under multivariate analysis with 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D as well as other 8 covariates including disease duration, carriers of vitamin D receptor Fok<jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>CC genotype had a milder form of Parkinson's disease: odds ratio, 0.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.16 to 0.66, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002. These results suggest that higher 25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D levels and the vitamin D receptor Fok<jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>CC genotype may be independently associated with milder forms of Parkinson's disease. However, significant associations were not observed in 1,25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D levels. \u00a9 2011 Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.24016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,31]],"date-time":"2011-12-31T00:13:36Z","timestamp":1325290416000},"page":"264-271","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["25\u2010hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, and severity of Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Masahiko","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Yoshioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaya","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maiko","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiichi","family":"Kawasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miki","family":"Noya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuyoshi","family":"Urashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26445"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60588-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138945011793591635"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2004.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.49.5.1273"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20658"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.65.10.1348"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.120"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.2010.00631.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2005.20.3.495"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.1.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.17.5.427"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22340"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2004.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21317"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1123933"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","first-page":"3485","article-title":"A 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