{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:17:17Z","timestamp":1790705837949,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":240,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]],"date-time":"2012-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>It has been 50 years since the first patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD) were described, but the pathophysiology is only partially understood and effective treatments have remained elusive. Newer atypical antipsychotics with less nonspecific activity at dopamine receptors have not heralded the end of tardive dyskinesia and merely highlight the incomplete understanding of the disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>We present an overview of the existing pathophysiology of the disorder and incorporate recent developments in genetics and the study of human synaptic plasticity in other hyperkinetic movement disorders. We propose a hypothesis that dopamine\u2010receptor sensitization and altered function of the N\u2010methyl\u2010D\u2010aspartate receptor produces maladaptive synaptic plasticity, which allows the encoding of abnormal motor programs, and propose studies that would falsify or support this hypothesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In conclusion, a maladaptive synaptic plasticity\u201d hypothesis goes some way toward filling in the gaps of existing theories of TD with the pathophysiology of other hyperkinetic movement disorders. \u00a9 2012\n                    <jats:italic>Movement<\/jats:italic>\n                    Disorder Society\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,3]],"date-time":"2012-08-03T13:30:51Z","timestamp":1344000651000},"page":"1205-1215","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Tardive dyskinesia is caused by maladaptive synaptic plasticity: A hypothesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"James T.","family":"Teo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kailash","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","first-page":"510","article-title":"[New types of neurological complications caused by a new neuroleptic drug, prochlorperazine]. [Article in French]","volume":"115","author":"Delay J","year":"1957","journal-title":"Ann Med Psychol (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","first-page":"550","article-title":"[Paroxysmal dyskinesia as the effect of megaphen]. [Article in German]","volume":"28","author":"Schonecker M","year":"1957","journal-title":"Nervenarzt"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003591576405700835"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","first-page":"751","article-title":"[4 Cases of facio\u2010bucco\u2010linguo\u2010masticatory dyskinesis of prolonged development following treatment with neuroleptics]. [Article in French]","volume":"100","author":"Sigwald J","year":"1959","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","first-page":"433","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying tardive dyskinesia","volume":"55","author":"Baldessarini RJ","year":"1976","journal-title":"Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.124.8S.40"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.130.9.1043-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","first-page":"141","article-title":"The neuropharmacology of abnormal involuntary movement disorders (the dyskinesias)","volume":"6","author":"Marsden CD","year":"1975","journal-title":"Mod Trends Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.32.12.1335"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870040208"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.6.805"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881109106306"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.11.2053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1985.tb05061.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0913"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.181.5.422"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200017050-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03470170090030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22707"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.11.1521"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1982.04290040069010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-70140-5_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(71)90087-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01245320"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170003960X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410310404"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000117901"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23050"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_30_2","article-title":"The effect of antipsychotic medication on neuromotor abnormalities in neuroleptic\u2010na\u00efve nonaffective psychotic patients: a naturalistic study with haloperidol, risperidone, or olanzapine","volume":"12","author":"Peralta V","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0922-4106(91)90092-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1259-z"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_33_2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Pathophysiology of antipsychotic drug\u2010induced movement disorders","volume":"65","author":"Casey DE","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000532"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(01)00309-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01245132"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.11.1248"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-198210000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(99)00064-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2004.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(93)90044-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200317010-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)92790-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(02)00048-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.9.1207"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.9.836"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(99)00118-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_2","first-page":"167","article-title":"A double\u2010blind placebo\u2010controlled study of vitamin E treatment of tardive dyskinesia","volume":"57","author":"Lohr JB","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_49_2","first-page":"CD000209","article-title":"Vitamin E for neuroleptic\u2010induced tardive dyskinesia","author":"Soares KV","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v68n0709"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.9.1405"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_2","first-page":"241","article-title":"Vitamin B6 in treatment of tardive dyskinesia: a preliminary case series study","volume":"22","author":"Lerner V","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.9.1511"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05125yel"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000104912.75206.2b"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.4.564"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)90441-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.8.1200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.12.1711"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.4.625"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21459"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(01)00290-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00175-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-199302000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_2","first-page":"1831","volume-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology: The Fifth Generation of Progress: An official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology","author":"Tamminga CA","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370505000907"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00091-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5027-04.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4870-09.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.06.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3875-11.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20823"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_74_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Historical perspective on movement disorders","volume":"65","author":"Friedman JH","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-200209000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.174.1.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa002028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00170-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200620040-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.050088"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.10.1079"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.07m03890yel"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60486-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291709005455"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.764"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3181f14098"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e328017f6b1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(24)01483-2","article-title":"Antipsychotic drugs: importance of dopamine receptors for mechanisms of therapeutic actions and side effects","volume":"53","author":"Strange PG","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(96)00920-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300983"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300203"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1568007024606195"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07030469"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23402"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_95_2","first-page":"32","article-title":"Aripiprazole (abilify) and tardive dyskinesia","volume":"33","author":"Schwartz T","year":"2008","journal-title":"P T"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050281"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000736"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7254.2006.00279.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.tpj.6500282"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00543-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145706007152"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4002142"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2394-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(98)00114-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000054924"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(02)00293-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2006.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2009.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2007.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tpj.2009.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.fpc.0000184957.98150.0f"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e3282f70492"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01076-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000842"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145705005389"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881108091594"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000521"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-007-0450-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tpj.2010.93"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2006.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/NMM:5:3:243"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0b013e3282f85e26"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2009.01976.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(99)00156-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1097\/01.fpc.0000184958.05775.66","article-title":"Haplotype analysis of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) genetic variants and tardive dyskinesia in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"16","author":"Liou YJ","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145704004419"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145705005262"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000177546.34799.af"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2010.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23377"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.220"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_133_2","article-title":"Support for association of HSPG2 with tardive dyskinesia in Caucasian populations","author":"Greenbaum L","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30796"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02316.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(98)00038-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(98)00018-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00335-011-9385-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1973.sp010273"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_140_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_141_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2010.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_143_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858409349901"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_145_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr158"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_146_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm098"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_147_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.190181"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_149_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.04676.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_150_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-008-1658-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_151_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_152_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.75"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_153_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5366-08.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_154_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_155_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1274-04.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_156_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-199212000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_157_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2006.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_158_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2005.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_159_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23245"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_160_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2011.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_161_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70218-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_162_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_163_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2008.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_164_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.171926"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_165_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23706"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_166_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21160"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_167_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_168_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_169_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000581"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_170_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-11-04011.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_171_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)37013-2","article-title":"Clozapine and haloperidol modulate N\u2010methyl\u2010D\u2010aspartate\u2010 and non\u2010N\u2010methyl\u2010D\u2010aspartate receptor\u2010mediated neurotransmission in rat prefrontal cortical neurons in vitro","volume":"283","author":"Arvanov VL","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_172_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.104.080200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_173_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199512150-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_174_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11586650-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_175_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10327"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_176_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh527"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_177_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2006.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_178_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2010.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_179_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.5.801"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_180_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-70140-5_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_181_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.5.661"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_182_2","first-page":"42","article-title":"Spontaneous and tardive dyskinesias: clinical and laboratory studies","volume":"46","author":"Casey DE","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_183_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199102000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_184_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.167.1.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_185_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbn146","article-title":"Dyskinesia and parkinsonism in antipsychotic\u2010na\u00efve patients with schizophrenia, first\u2010degree relatives and healthy controls: a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"36","author":"Koning JP","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_186_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950080055008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_187_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881105051539"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_188_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbn126"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_189_2","volume-title":"Dementia Pr\u00e6cox and Paraphrenia","author":"Kraepelin E","year":"1919"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_190_2","volume-title":"Dementia Praecox","author":"Bleuler E","year":"1950"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_191_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.147.3.221"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_192_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.12.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_193_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006902"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_194_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.183.1.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_195_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhj063"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_196_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_197_2","volume-title":"ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology","author":"Guy W","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_198_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1970.tb02066.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_199_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000125681.97466.e7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_200_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138945006778226589"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_201_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.09.030186.002041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_202_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/13.2.162"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_203_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2008.514"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_204_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_205_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_206_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbr184"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_207_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1012621108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_208_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2396(199709)27:1<57::AID-SYN6>3.0.CO;2-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_209_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2007.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_210_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.07.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_211_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.295.6600.681"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_212_2","first-page":"387","volume-title":"Handbook of Schizophrenia: The Neurology of Schizophrenia v 1","author":"Weinberger DR","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_213_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.084384"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_214_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Risk factors, pre\u2010morbid functioning and episode correlates of neurological soft signs in drug\u2010na\u00efve patients with schizophrenia\u2010spectrum disorders","author":"Peralta V","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_215_2","article-title":"Functional gene group analysis identifies synaptic gene groups as risk factor for schizophrenia","author":"Lips ES","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_216_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.154"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_217_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1989.tb07257.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_218_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950030035004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_219_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-979354"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_220_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5381.1349"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_221_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00757-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_222_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2315"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_223_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.200600"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_224_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(10)60913-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_225_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.207993"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_226_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23123"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_227_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2006.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_228_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.2.170"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_229_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20092"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_230_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.102.4.0721"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_231_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181aaea01"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_232_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2008.01115.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_233_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_234_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10705"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_235_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000149762.80932.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_236_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr122"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_237_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15736.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_238_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000119254"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_239_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e3181ffde32"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_240_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_241_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2011.06.008"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.25107","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.25107","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.25107","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T11:30:04Z","timestamp":1760959804000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.25107"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"references-count":240,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.25107"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.25107","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3185","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]}}}