{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T04:45:26Z","timestamp":1791089126917,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,2]],"date-time":"2012-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to evaluate hearing impairment in patients affected by Parkinson's disease compared with hearing scores observed in normal age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched controls. One hundred eighteen consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease were screened. Severity of motor symptoms and staging were measured with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (section III) and the Hoehn and Yahr scale. Audiometric evaluation consisted of a comprehensive audiologic case history and questionnaire, visual otoscopic examination, acoustic immittance measures (tympanogram and acoustic reflexes), pure tone audiometry, and measurement of brain stem auditory\u2010evoked potentials. Healthy age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched subjects were selected as the control group. One hundred six of 118 patients were enrolled. Pure tone audiometry revealed age\u2010dependent high\u2010frequency hearing loss in patients with Parkinson's disease compared with both normative values and values for healthy age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched controls (75\/106 [71%], \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 5.959, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .02; 92\/106 [86.8%] vs 60\/106 [56.6%], \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 23.804, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001, respectively). Pure tone audiometry scores correlated with Hoehn and Yahr scale scores (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05). Brain stem auditory\u2010evoked potentials were normal in all patients. Our patients with Parkinson's disease showed age\u2010dependent peripheral, unilateral, or bilateral hearing impairment. Whether these auditory deficits are intrinsic to Parkinson's disease or secondary to a more complex impaired processing of sensorial inputs occurring over the course of illness remains to be determined. Because \u03b1\u2010synuclein is located predominately in the efferent neuronal system within the inner ear, it could affect susceptibility to noise\u2010induced hearing loss or presbycusis. It is feasible that the natural aging process combined with neurodegenerative changes intrinsic to Parkinson's disease might interfere with cochlear transduction mechanisms, thus anticipating presbycusis. \u00a9 2012 Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,2]],"date-time":"2012-10-02T12:33:15Z","timestamp":1349181195000},"page":"1530-1535","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Hearing impairment in Parkinson's disease: Expanding the nonmotor phenotype"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Carmine","family":"Vitale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Marcelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Allocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Santangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Riccardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Erro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Amboni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Pellecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Autilia","family":"Cozzolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Longo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Picillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Moccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Agosti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Sorrentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Cavaliere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elio","family":"Marciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Barone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70068-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"173","article-title":"National Center for Health Statistics. 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