{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T08:06:31Z","timestamp":1791187591060,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]],"date-time":"2013-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Impulse control disorders (ICDs) are potentially serious side effects of dopamine agonist therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD), but prospective data are lacking about their incidence, time course, and risk factors. This work was a 4\u2010year, prospective cohort study of outpatients with PD and no previous ICDs (N = 164). All subjects treated with a dopamine agonist during the study were followed longitudinally for new\u2010onset ICDs. Baseline characteristics were compared in groups with (ICD+) and without (ICD\u2212) subsequent ICDs. Forty\u2010six subjects were treated with a dopamine agonist, including 25 who were newly treated and 21 who received ongoing dopamine agonist therapy. Of these 46 subjects, 18 (39.1%) developed new\u2010onset ICDs. The timing of ICD onset varied from 3.0 to 114.0 months (median, 23.0) after initiation of dopamine agonist therapy. Baseline demographic characteristics were similar in ICD+ and ICD\u2212 groups. At baseline, ICD+ subjects had a greater prevalence of motor complications (61.1% versus 25.0%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01) than ICD\u2212 subjects, despite comparable total dopaminergic medication usage in both groups (median, 150.0 versus 150.0 levodopa equivalents; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.61). Compared with ICD\u2212 subjects, ICD+ subjects had a greater baseline prevalence of caffeine use (100% versus 66.7%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.007) and higher lifetime prevalence of cigarette smoking (44.4% versus 14.3%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04). Peak dopamine agonist doses were higher in ICD+ than ICD\u2212 subjects (median 300.0 versus 165.0 <jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010dopa equivalents; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03), but cumulative dopamine agonist exposure was similar in both groups. In summary, the timing of new\u2010onset ICDs in PD is highly variable. Risk factors include cigarette smoking, caffeine use, motor complications, and higher peak dopamine agonist dosage. \u00a9 2013 Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,3]],"date-time":"2013-01-03T01:55:20Z","timestamp":1357178120000},"page":"327-333","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":159,"title":["Prospective cohort study of impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Jesse","family":"Bastiaens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Weill Cornell Medical College New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin J.","family":"Dorfman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Weill Cornell Medical College New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Christos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department of Public Health Weill Cornell Medical College New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa J.","family":"Nirenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Weill Cornell Medical College New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMct0800326"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Motor complications associated with chronic levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease","volume":"39","author":"Obeso JA","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.11.75"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2010.02371.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.1.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7506-5428-9.50005-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000341996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20045"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(94)90636-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-010-5817-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23508"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.7.969"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.294"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2007.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20757"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.64.2.212"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22356"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000238401.76928.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23964"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22164"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23311"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2010.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.3.181"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23429"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2009.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00529-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(93)90013-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2011.633722"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22721"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.065417"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2011_169"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/11.12.1136"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","first-page":"125","article-title":"A randomized dose\u2010ranging study","volume":"278","author":"Safety and efficacy of pramipexole in early Parkinson disease","year":"1997","journal-title":"Parkinson Study Group. JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23396"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.25291","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.25291","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.25291","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:25:42Z","timestamp":1760955942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.25291"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.25291"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.25291","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3185","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,2]]}}}