{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T14:48:35Z","timestamp":1773067715358,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,21]],"date-time":"2013-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1358726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adenosine A<jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub> receptor antagonists reduce or prevent the development of dyskinesia in animal models of levodopa\u2010induced dyskinesia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined the association between self\u2010reported intake of the A<jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub> receptor antagonist caffeine and time to dyskinesia in the Comparison of the Agonist Pramipexole with Levodopa on Motor Complications of Parkinson's Disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CALM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CALM<\/jats:styled-content> Cohort extension studies, using a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for age, baseline Parkinson's severity, site, and initial treatment with pramipexole or levodopa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>For subjects who consumed &gt;12 ounces of coffee\/day, the adjusted hazard ratio for the development of dyskinesia was 0.61 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 0.37\u20131.01) compared with subjects who consumed &lt;4 ounces\/day. For subjects who consumed between 4 and 12 ounces\/day, the adjusted hazard ratio was 0.73 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 0.46\u20131.15; test for trend, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results support the possibility that caffeine may reduce the likelihood of developing dyskinesia. \u00a9 2013 <jats:italic>Movement<\/jats:italic> Disorder Society<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,21]],"date-time":"2013-01-21T22:12:44Z","timestamp":1358806364000},"page":"380-383","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Caffeine consumption and risk of dyskinesia in <scp>CALM<\/scp>\u2010<scp>PD<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Anne\u2010Marie A.","family":"Wills","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shirley","family":"Eberly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology University of Rochester Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marsha","family":"Tennis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony E.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Neurology University of Toronto Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Messing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology University of Rochester Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Togasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Southern California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline M.","family":"Tanner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson's Institute Sunnyvale California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cornelia","family":"Kamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Center for Human Experimental Therapeutics University of Rochester Rochester New 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A.","family":"Schwarzschild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the Parkinson Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4886(03)00250-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3554-06.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-03-01054.2002","article-title":"Persistent behavioral sensitization to chronic L\u2010DOPA requires A2A adenosine receptors","volume":"22","author":"Fredduzzi S","year":"2002","journal-title":"J 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