{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T22:06:32Z","timestamp":1785794792264,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,7]],"date-time":"2013-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1360195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Myoclonus dystonia (M\u2010D) syndrome is a heritable movement disorder characterized by myoclonic jerks and dystonia primarily of the upper extremities. M\u2010D remains poorly responsive to pharmacological treatment. Emerging reports suggest good response to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBS<\/jats:styled-content> of the internal globus pallidus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GPi<\/jats:styled-content>) and ventral intermediate nucleus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VIM<\/jats:styled-content>) of the thalamus. This study aimed to appraise the value of these two <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DBS<\/jats:styled-content> targets by evaluating reports available in the literature. A systematic search of published case reports and case series was performed on Medline and Embase. Responses to DBS were evaluated. Myoclonus was assessed with the Unified Myoclonus Rating Scale (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UMRS<\/jats:styled-content>) and dystonia by the Burke\u2010Fahn\u2010Marsden dystonia rating scale (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BFMDRS<\/jats:styled-content>). The primary outcome of interest was the relative improvements noted with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GPi<\/jats:styled-content>, compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VIM<\/jats:styled-content> stimulation. A total of 17 publications yielded 40 unique cases, with mean follow\u2010up of 27.2 months. All patients demonstrated improvements in myoclonus scores, with 93.5% showing at least a 50% improvement in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UMRS<\/jats:styled-content>. The mean improvement in myoclonus scores was 72.6%. In contrast, dystonia scores were improved in 87.9% of patients, with 72.7% reporting at least a 50% improvement in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BFMDRS<\/jats:styled-content>. The mean improvement in dystonia scores was 52.6%. Improvements in myoclonus scores were similar for both GPi (75.7%) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VIM<\/jats:styled-content> (70.4%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.27). However, the improvements in dystonia scores were greater with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GPi<\/jats:styled-content> (60.2%), compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VIM<\/jats:styled-content> (33.3%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03). Although both targets achieve similar improvements in myoclonus, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GPi<\/jats:styled-content> stimulation may be a preferred target because it may achieve greater improvements in dystonia, compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VIM<\/jats:styled-content> stimulation. \u00a9 2013 <jats:italic>Movement<\/jats:italic> Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,7]],"date-time":"2013-02-07T14:25:37Z","timestamp":1360247137000},"page":"282-287","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Surgical treatment of myoclonus dystonia syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Anand I.","family":"Rughani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres 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