{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:09:12Z","timestamp":1792066152595,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,11]],"date-time":"2013-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1360540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Movement disorders are frequent but difficult to characterize in patients with anti\u2010<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010methyl\u2010<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010aspartate receptor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMDAR<\/jats:styled-content>) encephalitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The phenomenology of movement disorders was characterized after a detailed examination of children with anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMDAR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010encephalitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied 9 children (5 females), ages 3\u201314 years, with confirmed anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMDAR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010encephalitis. All patients presented with at least 1 movement disorder, including chorea (n=4), stereotypic movements (n=4), ataxia (n=3), limb dystonia (n=2), limb myorhythmia (n=2), oromandibular dystonia (n=2), facial myorhythmia, blepharospasm, opisthotonus, athetosis, and tremor (n=1, each). More than a single movement disorder was observed in 6 of these patients. Resolution of the abnormal movements was observed in all patients with immunotherapy; 1 patient improved with tetrabenazine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A wide variety of movement disorders, often in combination, can be observed in children with anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMDAR<\/jats:styled-content> encephalitis. Patients commonly present with more than a single movement disorder. \u00a9 2013 <jats:italic>Movement<\/jats:italic> Disorder Society<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,11]],"date-time":"2013-02-11T09:34:48Z","timestamp":1360575288000},"page":"543-547","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":143,"title":["The spectrum of movement disorders in children with anti\u2010<scp>NMDA<\/scp> receptor encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Fidel","family":"Baizabal\u2010Carvallo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic Department of Neurology Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amber","family":"Stocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience Texas Children's Hospital Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eyal","family":"Muscal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience Texas Children's Hospital Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Division of Immunology Allergy and Rheumatology Texas Children's Hospital Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Jankovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic Department of Neurology Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70253-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21756"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"146","article-title":"Die amyostatischen Unruheerscheinungen. Klinisch kinematographische Analyse ihrer Kennzeichen und Beleiterscheinungen","volume":"43","author":"Hertz E","year":"1931","journal-title":"J Psychol Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/107.1.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2006.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2010.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22073"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.11.149"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.25354","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.25354","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T12:47:43Z","timestamp":1760964463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.25354"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,11]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.25354"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.25354","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3185","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,11]]}}}