{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T02:42:27Z","timestamp":1777430547971,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]],"date-time":"2013-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1360713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Understanding the impact of placebo treatment is pivotal to the correct interpretation of clinical trials. The aim of present study was to examine the placebo effect in tic disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Raw data were obtained for 6 placebo\u2010controlledparallel and cross\u2010over trials that involved medical interventions for tic disorders. Tic severity was measured using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. Placebo effect was defined as an improvement of at least 30% over baseline scores in the total tic score and was considered clinically relevant when at least 10% of patients in the placebo\u2010arm met that benchmark.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 91 placebo\u2010treated patients (80% males; mean age, 16.5 years; standard deviation, 10.5 years) were included. Although there was a trend toward improvement in the total tic scores after placebo administration (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.057), the magnitude of the placebo effect was small (Cohen's d=0.16) but relevant (19% of the sample). Females were more likely than males to have a placebo effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The magnitude of the placebo effect in tic disorders appeared to be small. Further longitudinal studies using objective assessments for tic disorders are warranted to confirm the current results. \u00a9 2013 <jats:italic>Movement<\/jats:italic> Disorder Society<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]],"date-time":"2013-02-13T11:43:45Z","timestamp":1360755825000},"page":"1288-1292","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Impact of placebo assignment in clinical trials of tic disorders"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Esther","family":"Cubo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department Complejo Asistencial Universitario of Burgos Burgos Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematics Department University of Extremadura Extramadura Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harvey","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. Mark","family":"Mahone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychology Kennedy Krieger Institute, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Scahill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Study Center and School of Nursing Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirsten R.","family":"M\u00fcller\u2010Vahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raul","family":"de la Fuente\u2010Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Neurology Hospital A. Marcide Ferrol Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Armesto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit Complejo Asistencial Universitario of Burgos Burgos Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Kompoliti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department Rush University Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1060937"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"54","article-title":"Placebo neural systems: nitric oxide, morphine and the dopamine brain reward and motivation circuitries","volume":"11","author":"Fricchione G","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2003.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(02)00038-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-25028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.7.1067"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000055434.39968.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21615"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.5.599"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-200211000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1993.00540100012008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198907000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.24062"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.3.710"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e31819f1c15"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000086370.10186.7C"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.24919"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/595692"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22453"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.25365","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.25365","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T10:05:41Z","timestamp":1760954741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.25365"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.25365"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.25365","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3185","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]]}}}