{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T17:59:29Z","timestamp":1789927169081,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,17]],"date-time":"2013-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 or Machado\u2010Joseph disease is the most common spinocerebellar ataxia worldwide, and the high frequency of nonmotor manifestations in Machado\u2010Joseph disease demonstrates how variable is the clinical expression of this single genetic entity. Anatomical, physiological, clinical, and functional neuroimaging data reinforce the idea of a degenerative process involving extracerebellar regions of the nervous system in Machado\u2010Joseph disease. Brain imaging and neuropathologic studies have revealed atrophy of the pons, basal ganglia, midbrain, medulla oblongata, multiple cranial nerve nuclei, and thalamus and of the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and limbic lobes. This review provides relevant information about nonmotor manifestations and extracerebellar symptoms in Machado\u2010Joseph disease. The main nonmotor manifestations of Machado\u2010Joseph disease described in previous data and discussed in this article are: sleep disorders, cognitive and affective disturbances, psychiatric symptoms, olfactory dysfunction, peripheral neuropathy, pain, cramps, fatigue, nutritional problems, and dysautonomia. In addition, we conducted a brief discussion of noncerebellar motor manifestations, highlighting movement disorders. \u00a9 2013 <jats:italic>Movement<\/jats:italic> Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,17]],"date-time":"2013-06-17T12:46:52Z","timestamp":1371473212000},"page":"1200-1208","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Nonmotor and extracerebellar features in Machado\u2010Joseph disease: A review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luiz","family":"Pedroso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, General Neurology and Ataxia Unit Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Marcondes C.","family":"Fran\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas S\u00e3o 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A.","family":"Saute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9lio A.","family":"Teive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1 (UFPR) Curitiba Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Caramelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura 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