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The study of genes and proteins that cause familial dystonia provides critical information about the cellular pathways involved in this dysfunction, which disrupts the motor pathways at the systems level. In recent years study of the increasing number of\n                    <jats:italic>DYT<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes has implicated a number of cell functions that appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of dystonia. A review of the literature published in English\u2010language publications available on PubMed relating to the genetics and cellular pathology of dystonia was performed. Numerous potential pathogenetic mechanisms have been identified. 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