{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T12:49:53Z","timestamp":1793278193546,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,6]],"date-time":"2013-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1378425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE) is a devastating condition that relapses, often with a chorea in children, despite adequate antiviral treatment. At relapse, evidence of viral replication is frequently absent, suggesting that the relapse may be immune\u2010mediated. Seven children who had a neurological relapse following their initial encephalitis, identified from 20 cases of pediatric HSVE, were studied. Serum and\/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were tested for\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010methyl\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and other antibodies previously reported in central nervous system autoimmunity. Five of the 7 relapsing children had choreoathetosis; 2 of these were NMDAR antibody\u2013positive, 2 were negative (1 with HSV\u2010positive CSF), and 1 was not available for testing. An additional patient, who relapsed with cognitive regression but with no movement disorder, was also NMDAR antibody\u2013positive. In 2 of the NMDAR antibody\u2013positive patients who were treated at relapse and in 1 who was treated only after 10 years of having a relapsing encephalopathy, a beneficial response was observed. Neurological relapses after HSVE may frequently be immune\u2010mediated, particularly in children with chorea. NMDAR antibodies are common, and immunotherapy may be beneficial. \u00a9 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,6]],"date-time":"2013-09-06T12:10:43Z","timestamp":1378469443000},"page":"90-96","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":210,"title":["<i>N<\/i>\n                    \u2010methyl\u2010\n                    <i>D<\/i>\n                    \u2010aspartate receptor antibodies in post\u2013herpes simplex virus encephalitis neurological relapse"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Yael","family":"Hacohen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences John Radcliffe Hospital University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumaran","family":"Deiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris Hopitaux Universitaires Paris Sud Pediatric Neurology Department and National Referral Center for Neuroinflammatory Diseases and Universit\u00e9 Paris Sud Le Kremlin\u2010Bic\u00eatre Hospital (BH) Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillipa","family":"Pettingill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences John Radcliffe Hospital University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Waters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences John Radcliffe Hospital University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ata","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology Kings College Hospital King's Health Partners Academic Health Science Centre London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascale","family":"Chretien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris Hopitaux Universitaires Paris Sud Immunology Department Universit\u00e9 Paris Sud Le Kremlin\u2010Bic\u00eatre Hospital (BH) Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esse","family":"Menson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Infectious Diseases Department Evelina Children's Hospital (ECH) at Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust King's Health Partners Academic Health Science Centre London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Pierre","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Neurosciences Evelina Children's Hospital (ECH) at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust King's Health Partners Academic Health Science Centre London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Tardieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistance Publique H\u00f4pitaux de Paris Hopitaux Universitaires Paris Sud Pediatric Neurology Department and National Referral Center for Neuroinflammatory Diseases and Universit\u00e9 Paris Sud Le Kremlin\u2010Bic\u00eatre Hospital (BH) Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences John Radcliffe Hospital University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming J.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences John Radcliffe Hospital University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom"},{"name":"Children's Neurosciences Evelina Children's Hospital (ECH) at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust King's Health Partners Academic Health Science Centre London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2006.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2011-300100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.66.10.1242"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp373"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000073985.71759.7C"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e328347b307"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70096-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70253-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23689"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq113"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-303807"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.99"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318258300d"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70222-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2011.10.016"}],"container-title":["Movement 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