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Improved understanding of brain circuitries and their involvement in various neurological and psychiatric illnesses, coupled with the safety of DBS and its exquisite role as a tool for ethical study of the human brain, have unlocked new opportunities for this technology, both for future therapies and in research. Serendipitous discoveries and advances in structural and functional imaging are providing abundant \u201cnew\u201d brain targets for an ever\u2010increasing number of pathologies, leading to investigations of DBS in diverse neurological, psychiatric, behavioral, and cognitive conditions. Trials and \u201cproof of concept\u201d studies of DBS are underway in pain, epilepsy, tinnitus, OCD, depression, and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, as well as in eating disorders, addiction, cognitive decline, consciousness, and autonomic states. In parallel, ongoing technological development will provide pulse generators with longer battery longevity, segmental electrode designs allowing a current steering, and the possibility to deliver \u201con\u2010demand\u201d stimulation based on closed\u2010loop concepts. The future of brain stimulation is certainly promising, especially for movement disorders\u2014that will remain the main indication for DBS for the foreseeable future\u2014and probably for some psychiatric disorders. However, brain stimulation as a technique may be at risk of gliding down a slippery slope: Some reports indicate a disturbing trend with suggestions that future DBS may be proposed for enhancement of memory in healthy people, or as a tool for \u201ctreatment\u201d of \u201cantisocial behavior\u201d and for improving \u201cmorality.\u201d \u00a9 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,11]],"date-time":"2013-10-11T21:56:36Z","timestamp":1381528596000},"page":"1784-1792","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Future of brain stimulation: New targets, new indications, new technology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Marwan","family":"Hariz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Functional Neurosurgery UCL Institute of Neurology London UK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience Ume\u00e5 University Ume\u00e5 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