{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:15:50Z","timestamp":1791224150073,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,26]],"date-time":"2013-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An accurate early diagnostic test for Parkinson's disease (PD) is a critical unmet need. Recently, independent groups using different histological techniques have reported that the presence of alpha\u2010synuclein (\u03b1\u2010syn) in colonic biopsy tissue is able to distinguish living patients with PD from those without the disease. In addition, a further study has suggested that the presence of \u03b1\u2010syn in colonic biopsy tissue may be evident in early or even prodromal PD. However, several questions remain regarding the translation of these findings into using the assessment of \u03b1\u2010syn deposition in the enteric nervous system as a diagnostic biomarker for prodromal PD. Here we address critical issues related to the location and quantification of enteric \u03b1\u2010syn, detection of \u03b1\u2010syn with currently available histological techniques, timing of detection of \u03b1\u2010syn deposition, and, most crucially, whether enteric \u03b1\u2010syn can distinguish those with PD from both healthy individuals and individuals with other related diseases. We conclude that, although enteric \u03b1\u2010syn is a very exciting prospect, further studies will be vital to determine whether enteric \u03b1\u2010syn deposition has the potential to be the biomarker for prodromal PD that the field so desperately seeks. \u00a9 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,26]],"date-time":"2013-12-26T10:13:05Z","timestamp":1388052785000},"page":"444-450","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Alimentary, my dear Watson? The challenges of enteric \u03b1\u2010synuclein as a Parkinson's disease biomarker"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Naomi P.","family":"Visanji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmund J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease Toronto Western Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connie","family":"Marras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmund J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease Toronto Western Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili\u2010Naz","family":"Hazrati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases Krembil Discovery Tower Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis W. C.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine Toronto Western Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony E.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmund J. 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