{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T18:19:01Z","timestamp":1791137941295,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,17]],"date-time":"2014-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Breathing disorders like sleep apnea, stridor, and dysrythmic breathing are frequent in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA). These observations have been related to neurodegeneration in several pontomedullary respiratory nuclei and may explain the occurrence of sudden death. In this study, we sought to determine whether these functional and neuropathological characteristics could be replicated in a transgenic model of MSA. Mice expressing human wild\u2010type \u03b1\u2010synuclein under the control of the proteolipid promoter (PLP\u2010\u03b1SYN) were compared with age\u2010matched controls. Using whole\u2010body, unrestrained plethysmography, the following breathing parameters were measured: inspiratory and expiratory times, tidal volume, expiratory volume, peak inspiratory and expiratory flows, and respiratory frequency. For each category, the mean, coefficient of variation, and irregularity score were analyzed. Brains were then processed for stereological cell counts of pontomedullary respiratory nuclei. A significant increase in the coefficient of variation and irregularity score was observed for inspiratory time, tidal volume, and expiratory volume in PLP\u2010\u03b1SYN mice (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Glial cytoplasmic inclusions were found in the medullary raphe of PLP\u2010\u03b1SYN mice, together with a loss of serotonergic immunoreactivity in the raphe obscurus (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and pallidus (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). There was a negative correlation between \u03b1\u2010synuclein burden and raphe pallidus cell counts (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). There was no significant neuronal loss in the pre\u2010Botzinger complex. The PLP\u2010\u03b1SYN mouse model replicates the breathing variability and part of the neuronal depletion in pontomedullary respiratory nuclei observed in patients with MSA. Our findings support the use of this model for future candidate drugs in the breathing disorders observed in MSA. \u00a9 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,17]],"date-time":"2014-01-17T12:34:49Z","timestamp":1389962089000},"page":"388-395","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Breathing variability and brainstem serotonergic loss in a genetic model of multiple system atrophy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Olivier","family":"Flabeau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Neurologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux Pessac France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wassilios G.","family":"Meissner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Neurologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux Pessac France"},{"name":"Centre de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence 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