{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T17:09:09Z","timestamp":1792084149844,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]],"date-time":"2014-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1402531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Numerous brain imaging studies have demonstrated structural changes in the basal ganglia, thalamus, sensorimotor cortex, and cerebellum across different forms of primary dystonia. However, our understanding of brain abnormalities contributing to the clinically well\u2010described phenomenon of task specificity in dystonia remained limited. We used high\u2010resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with voxel\u2010based morphometry and diffusion weighted imaging with tract\u2010based spatial statistics of fractional anisotropy to examine gray and white matter organization in two task\u2010specific dystonia forms, writer's cramp and laryngeal dystonia, and two non\u2013task\u2010specific dystonia forms, cervical dystonia and blepharospasm. A direct comparison between both dystonia forms indicated that characteristic gray matter volumetric changes in task\u2010specific dystonia involve the brain regions responsible for sensorimotor control during writing and speaking, such as primary somatosensory cortex, middle frontal gyrus, superior\/inferior temporal gyrus, middle\/posterior cingulate cortex, and occipital cortex as well as the striatum and cerebellum (lobules VI\u2010VIIa). These gray matter changes were accompanied by white matter abnormalities in the premotor cortex, middle\/inferior frontal gyrus, genu of the corpus callosum, anterior limb\/genu of the internal capsule, and putamen. Conversely, gray matter volumetric changes in the non\u2013task\u2010specific group were limited to the left cerebellum (lobule VIIa) only, whereas white matter alterations were found to underlie the primary sensorimotor cortex, inferior parietal lobule, and middle cingulate gyrus. Distinct microstructural patterns in task\u2010specific and non\u2013task\u2010specific dystonias may represent neuroimaging markers and provide evidence that these two dystonia subclasses likely follow divergent pathophysiological mechanisms precipitated by different triggers. \u00a9 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]],"date-time":"2014-06-12T12:03:50Z","timestamp":1402574630000},"page":"1141-1150","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["What's special about task in dystonia? A voxel\u2010based morphometry and diffusion weighted imaging study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Ritesh A.","family":"Ramdhani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veena","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miodrag","family":"Velickovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Frucht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Tagliati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7444-0437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina","family":"Simonyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.02.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2011.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.164","article-title":"Primary dystonia: conceptualizing the disorder through a structural brain imaging lens","author":"Ramdhani RA","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tremor and Hyperkinetic Movements"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000266591.49624.1a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2011.245811"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21619"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr120"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000094240.93745.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.056614"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5119-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.3.819"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.087148"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-9158-1-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910330508"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","unstructured":"WardBD. 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