{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T16:22:51Z","timestamp":1790526171868,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,5]],"date-time":"2014-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,5]],"date-time":"2014-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417737600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Deep brain stimulation (DBS) may improve disabling tics in severely affected medication and behaviorally resistant Tourette syndrome (TS). Here we review all reported cases of TS DBS and provide updated recommendations for selection, assessment, and management of potential TS DBS cases based on the literature and implantation experience. Candidates should have a\n                    <jats:italic>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders<\/jats:italic>\n                    , Fifth Edition (DSM V) diagnosis of TS with severe motor and vocal tics, which despite exhaustive medical and behavioral treatment trials result in significant impairment. Deep brain stimulation should be offered to patients only by experienced DBS centers after evaluation by a multidisciplinary team. Rigorous preoperative and postoperative outcome measures of tics and associated comorbidities should be used. Tics and comorbid neuropsychiatric conditions should be optimally treated per current expert standards, and tics should be the major cause of disability. Psychogenic tics, embellishment, and malingering should be recognized and addressed. We have removed the previously suggested 25\u2010year\u2010old age limit, with the specification that a multidisciplinary team approach for screening is employed. A local ethics committee or institutional review board should be consulted for consideration of cases involving persons younger than 18 years of age, as well as in cases with urgent indications. Tourette syndrome patients represent a unique and complex population, and studies reveal a higher risk for post\u2010DBS complications. Successes and failures have been reported for multiple brain targets; however, the optimal surgical approach remains unknown. Tourette syndrome DBS, though still evolving, is a promising approach for a subset of medication refractory and severely affected patients. \u00a9 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,8]],"date-time":"2014-12-08T18:13:32Z","timestamp":1418062412000},"page":"448-471","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":247,"title":["Tourette syndrome deep brain stimulation: A review and updated recommendations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Schrock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan W.","family":"Mink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas W.","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Texas A&amp;M University College Station Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Porta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tourette Centre IRCCS Galeazzi Hospital Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominico","family":"Servello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Neurosurgical Unit IRCCS Galeazzi Milano Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veerle","family":"Visser\u2010Vandewalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery University of Cologne Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Silburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Foltynie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harrison C.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Alabama Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joohi","family":"Shahed\u2010Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Savica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan T.","family":"Klassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre G.","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurological Restoration, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly D.","family":"Foote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry University of Florida Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian\u2010Guo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital University of Medical Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital University of Medical Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Ackermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Maastricht University Medical Center  The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasin","family":"Temel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Maastricht University Medical Center  The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoltan","family":"Mari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara K.","family":"Changizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Auyeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takanobu","family":"Kaido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery National Center Hospital National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP) Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Agid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epini\u00e8re (ICM), CHU Piti\u00e9\u2010Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie L.","family":"Welter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re (CRICM), Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie\u2010Paris 6 Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suketu M.","family":"Khandhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern California Kaiser Permanente, Surgical Movement Disorders Program Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alon Y.","family":"Mogilner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology New York University, Langone Medical Center New York New York United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael H.","family":"Pourfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology New York University, Langone Medical Center New York New York United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin L.","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Center, Neurological Institute, University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine South Euclid Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge L.","family":"Juncos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Cologne Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James F.","family":"Leckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Study Center and the Yale Center for Clinical Investigation, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph A","family":"Neimat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Okun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry University of Florida Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Tourette Syndrome Association International Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Database and Registry Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"947","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM\u20105","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.607"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22378"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1528"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.160.1.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.1.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa060281"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20464"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20962"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000215250.82576.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2008.929"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2008.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000163769.28552.CD"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa063618"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2008.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042187"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301165"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.260"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23482"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1042-3680(03)00005-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2010.534200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-011-0166-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.112612"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.8.noc40425"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20816"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000303208.00242.a6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.176859"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq380"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21398"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13554790903560422"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.11101583"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21930"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23892"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20551"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030006051204000545"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1247519"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-012-0285-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000176854.24694.95"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000190258.92496.a4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.043273"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2010.01.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2010.00324.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0404-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2011.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.09.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","first-page":"147","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation in a Chinese Tourette's syndrome patient","volume":"17","author":"Lee MW","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS-07\/11\/1004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22982"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181a60a0c"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23734"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.126","article-title":"Lessons learned from open\u2010label deep brain stimulation for Tourette syndrome: eight cases over 7 years","author":"Motlagh MG","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.09.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A trial of scheduled deep brain stimulation for Tourette syndrome: moving away from continuous deep brain stimulation paradigms","author":"Okun MS","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","first-page":"42","article-title":"Bilateral globus pallidus externus deep brain stimulation for the treatment of Tourette syndrome: an ongoing prospective controlled study","volume":"85","author":"Filho OV","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2012.00526.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181bd809b"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-012-1497-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2011.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.104067"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5159-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2009.00253.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-010-0851-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","first-page":"S283","article-title":"Motor and behavioral outcomes after bilateral GPi deep brain stimulation for severe Tourette syndrome [abstr]","volume":"22","author":"Shahed J","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000250354.81556.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000112429"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)05964-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2003.99.6.1094"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.65.7.952"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","first-page":"554","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the right nucleus accumbens in a patient with Tourette syndrome: case report","volume":"42","author":"Zabek M","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurol Neurochir Pol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000336533.19610.1b"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044215"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389400900112"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.4.3.347"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1177\/088307380401901201","article-title":"Psychogenic tics: diagnostic value of the placebo test","volume":"19","author":"Tan EK","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","volume-title":"Imitators of Epilepsy","author":"Krumholz A","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000243605.89270.6C"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","volume-title":"Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry","author":"Greenberg BD","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410220317"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2012.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318238253c"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181d0cc77"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21599"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182535a00"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21529"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.8.PEDS11153"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/BEN-120296"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738060210081001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23434"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.11.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.128"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(199905)14:3<502::AID-MDS1020>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198907000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.020693"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2012.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00044011-200828070-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.10111704"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.135715"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.26094","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.26094","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mds.26094","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.26094","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T13:57:11Z","timestamp":1786629431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.26094"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,5]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.26094"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.26094","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3185","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,5]]}}}