{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:43:12Z","timestamp":1790692992359,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,18]],"date-time":"2015-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1426636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Drug\u2010induced parkinsonism is caused by an offending drug and should resolve after the causative agent has been withdrawn. However, in a number of patients, symptoms persist or may even worsen over time, suggesting the development of concomitant Parkinson's disease. The prevalence estimates of Parkinson's disease after neuroleptic exposure are unexpectedly high, suggesting a causal relationship. We critically review available literature in this regard, and some pathophysiological hypotheses that might explain such a relationship are suggested. Some patients may have an undetermined genetic susceptibility to parkinsonism. We speculate that the possible neurotoxic effect of neuroleptics exerted on a susceptible dopaminergic system would lead over the long\u2010term to a self\u2010fostering, progressive process. Knowledge gaps and future perspectives are discussed. \u00a9 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,18]],"date-time":"2015-03-18T15:58:13Z","timestamp":1426694293000},"page":"780-785","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Parkinsonism following neuroleptic exposure: A double\u2010hit hypothesis?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Roberto","family":"Erro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e del Movimento Universit\u00e0 di Verona  Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kailash P.","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders 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