{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:06:21Z","timestamp":1790269581006,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,21]],"date-time":"2015-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Progressive ambulatory impairment and abnormal white matter (WM) signal on neuroimaging come together under the diagnostic umbrella of vascular parkinsonism (VaP). A critical appraisal of the literature, however, suggests that (1) no abnormal structural imaging pattern is specific to VaP; (2) there is poor correlation between brain MRI hyperintensities\n                    <jats:italic>and<\/jats:italic>\n                    microangiopathic brain disease\n                    <jats:italic>and<\/jats:italic>\n                    parkinsonism from available clinicopathologic data; (3)\n                    <jats:italic>pure<\/jats:italic>\n                    parkinsonism from vascular injury (\u201cdefinite\u201d vascular parkinsonism) consistently results from ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes involving the SN and\/or nigrostriatal pathway, but sparing the striatum itself, the cortex, and the intervening WM; and (4) many cases reported as VaP may represent\n                    <jats:italic>pseudovascular<\/jats:italic>\n                    parkinsonism (e.g., Parkinson's disease or another neurodegenerative parkinsonism, such as PSP with nonspecific neuroimaging signal abnormalities), vascular\n                    <jats:italic>pseudoparkinsonism<\/jats:italic>\n                    (e.g., akinetic mutism resulting from bilateral mesial frontal strokes or apathetic depression from bilateral striatal lacunar strokes), or\n                    <jats:italic>pseudovascular pseudoparkinsonism<\/jats:italic>\n                    (e.g., higher\u2010level gait disorders, including normal\u2010pressure hydrocephalus with transependimal exudate). These syndromic designations are preferable over VaP until pathology or validated biomarkers confirm the underlying nature and relevance of the leukoaraiosis. \u00a9 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,21]],"date-time":"2015-05-21T13:36:19Z","timestamp":1432215379000},"page":"886-894","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Vascular\n                    <scp>P<\/scp>\n                    arkinsonism:\n                    <scp>D<\/scp>\n                    econstructing a\n                    <scp>S<\/scp>\n                    yndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Joaquin A.","family":"Vizcarra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina \u201cAlberto Hurtado\u201d Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia  Lima Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony E.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease University Health Network, University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kapil D.","family":"Sethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Regents University Department of Neurology August, Georgia, USA; and Merz Pharmaceuticals Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto J.","family":"Espay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Department of Neurology University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2002.00452.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-006-0698-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/52.1.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870020101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25474"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.2.761"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.114"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"1821","article-title":"Prevalence of Parkinson's disease and other types of parkinsonism in Al Kharga District, Egypt","volume":"9","author":"El\u2010Tallawy HN","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis 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