{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:15:51Z","timestamp":1791396951198,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]],"date-time":"2016-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]],"date-time":"2016-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454630400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"name":"Clinical Research Grant of Boramae Medical Center","award":["03-2013-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03-2013-3"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST)","award":["2013R1A1A3013734"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013R1A1A3013734"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Defective visual information processing contributes to visual hallucination in PD, for which \u201ctop\u2010down\u201d and \u201cbottom\u2010up\u201d impairment are suggested mechanisms. This study was aimed to investigate macro\u2010 and microstructural neural changes in afferent visual pathways in relation to visual hallucination in nondemented PD patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study included 24 nondemented, nondepressed PD patients (10 hallucinating and 14 nonhallucinating) and 15 age\u2010matched healthy controls. We analyzed volumetric and diffusion tensor MRI data by applying region of interest analyses on the visual pathways, including the optic chiasm, bilateral optic nerves, lateral geniculate bodies, optic radiations, and primary visual cortex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients' demographic characteristics, daily medication doses, as well as duration and motor severity of PD were similar in the two PD groups. Compared to PD patients without hallucination, those with hallucination had fractional anisotropy decrease in the left optic nerve and showed atrophy of lateral geniculate bodies, especially in the left side. In addition, the PD with hallucination group had diffusivity increase in the left optic radiation compared to that in the PD without hallucination and healthy control groups. There were no differences in the primary visual cortex volume among the study groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found microstructural alterations in visual pathways in nondemented PD patients with hallucination, mainly in first\u2010order neurons and atrophy in the lateral geniculate body where the retinal ganglion cells synapse to second\u2010order neurons. Afferent visual pathway degeneration may occur in a trans\u2010synaptic way in PD. Further studies warrant to be conducted. \u00a9 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]],"date-time":"2016-02-05T02:41:48Z","timestamp":1454640108000},"page":"547-554","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Lateral geniculate atrophy in Parkinson's with visual hallucination: A trans\u2010synaptic degeneration?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Jee\u2010Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Seoul National University\u2013Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"College of Medicine Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Jin","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine Seoul 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