{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:46:56Z","timestamp":1787240816415,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,12]],"date-time":"2016-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1457740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Big Lottery Fund","award":["C498A738"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C498A738"]}]},{"name":"Parkinson's UK","award":["J-0802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J-0802"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Award","award":["103838"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["103838"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Award","award":["100333\/Z\/12\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100333\/Z\/12\/Z"]}]},{"name":"Raymond and Beverly Sackler Studentship (to D.P.B.)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent studies have suggested that melatonin\u2014a hormone produced by the pineal gland under circadian control\u2014contributes to PD\u2010related sleep dysfunction. We hypothesized that degenerative changes to the neural structures controlling pineal function (especially the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus) may be responsible for reduced melatonin output in these patients. We compared hypothalamic volumes in PD patients with matched controls and determined whether volume loss correlated with reduced melatonin output in the PD group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 12 PD patients and 12 matched controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging to determine hypothalamic volume. In addition, PD patients underwent 24\u2010hour blood sampling in a controlled environment to determine serum melatonin concentrations using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assays.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PD patients had significantly reduced hypothalamic gray matter volume when compared with matched controls. Melatonin levels were significantly associated with hypothalamic gray matter volume and disease severity in PD patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Melatonin levels are associated with hypothalamic gray matter volume loss and disease severity in PD patients. This provides anatomical and physiological support for an intrinsic sleep and circadian phenotype in PD. \u00a9 2016 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,14]],"date-time":"2016-03-14T02:33:52Z","timestamp":1457922832000},"page":"1062-1066","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Hypothalamic volume loss is associated with reduced melatonin output in Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"David P.","family":"Breen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair University of Cambridge Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Nombela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair University of Cambridge Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romina","family":"Vuono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair University of Cambridge Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. Simon","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Cambridge Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair University of Cambridge Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Burn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle University Newcastle UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Imperial College London UK"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akhilesh B.","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metabolic Science University of Cambridge Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James B.","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Cambridge Cambridge UK"},{"name":"Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute University of Cambridge Cambridge UK"},{"name":"Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger A.","family":"Barker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair University of Cambridge Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.6239"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)00510-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu201"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23429"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.206"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410030207"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2008.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2011.08.003"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.26592","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.26592","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mds.26592","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.26592","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T09:08:59Z","timestamp":1760951339000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.26592"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,12]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.26592"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.26592","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3185","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,12]]}}}