{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:19:31Z","timestamp":1791407971434,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,23]],"date-time":"2016-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus is not readily visible on structural magnetic resonance imaging. Therefore, a method for its visualization for stereotactic targeting is desirable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to define a tractography\u2010based methodology for the stereotactic targeting of the ventral intermediate nucleus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The lateral and posterior borders of the ventral intermediate nucleus were defined by tracking the pyramidal tract and medial lemniscus, respectively. A thalamic seed was then created 3\u2009mm medial and anterior to these borders, and its structural connections were analyzed. The application of this method was assessed in an imaging cohort of 14 tremor patients and 15 healthy controls, in which we compared the tractography\u2010based targeting to conventional targeting. In a separate surgical cohort (3 tremor and 3 tremor\u2010dominant Parkinson's disease patients), we analyzed the accuracy of this method by correlating it with intraoperative neurophysiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tractography of the thalamic seed revealed the tracts corresponding to cerebellar input and motor cortical output fibers. The tractography\u2010based target was more lateral (12.5 [1.2] mm vs 11.5\u2009mm for conventional targeting) and anterior (8.5 [1.1] mm vs 6.7 [0.3] mm, anterior to the posterior commissure). In the surgical cohort, the Euclidian distance between the ventral intermediate nucleus identified by tractography and the surgical target was 1.6 [1.1] mm. The locations of the sensory thalamus, lemniscus, and pyramidal tracts were concordant within &lt;1\u2009mm between tractography and neurophysiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>The tractography\u2010based methodology for identification of the ventral intermediate nucleus is accurate and useful. This method may be used to improve stereotactic targeting in functional neurosurgery procedures. \u00a9 2016 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,24]],"date-time":"2016-05-24T10:42:24Z","timestamp":1464086544000},"page":"1217-1225","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":162,"title":["Tractography\u2010Based Ventral Intermediate Nucleus Targeting: Novel Methodology and Intraoperative Validation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Sammartino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery Toronto Western Hospital and University Health Network Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery University of Toronto Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vibhor","family":"Krishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery Toronto Western Hospital 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