{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:58:19Z","timestamp":1791593899109,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,29]],"date-time":"2016-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The miniaturization, sophistication, proliferation, and accessibility of technologies are enabling the capture of more and previously inaccessible phenomena in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, more information has not translated into a greater understanding of disease complexity to satisfy diagnostic and therapeutic needs. Challenges include noncompatible technology platforms, the need for wide\u2010scale and long\u2010term deployment of sensor technology (among vulnerable elderly patients in particular), and the gap between the \u201cbig data\u201d acquired with sensitive measurement technologies and their limited clinical application. Major opportunities could be realized if new technologies are developed as part of open\u2010source and\/or open\u2010hardware platforms that enable multichannel data capture sensitive to the broad range of motor and nonmotor problems that characterize PD and are adaptable into self\u2010adjusting, individualized treatment delivery systems. The International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society Task Force on Technology is entrusted to convene engineers, clinicians, researchers, and patients to promote the development of integrated measurement and closed\u2010loop therapeutic systems with high patient adherence that also serve to (1) encourage the adoption of clinico\u2010pathophysiologic phenotyping and early detection of critical disease milestones, (2) enhance the tailoring of symptomatic therapy, (3) improve subgroup targeting of patients for future testing of disease\u2010modifying treatments, and (4) identify objective biomarkers to improve the longitudinal tracking of impairments in clinical care and research. This article summarizes the work carried out by the task force toward identifying challenges and opportunities in the development of technologies with potential for improving the clinical management and the quality of life of individuals with PD. \u00a9 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,30]],"date-time":"2016-04-30T12:37:26Z","timestamp":1462019846000},"page":"1272-1282","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":623,"title":["Technology in Parkinson's disease: Challenges and opportunities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Alberto J.","family":"Espay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Bonato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatta B.","family":"Nahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Maetzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH) University of Tuebingen T\u00fcbingen Germany"},{"name":"DZNE German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Davis Phinney Foundation for Parkinson's Boulder Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Klucken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen Friedrich\u2010Alexander University Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bjoern M.","family":"Eskofier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Sports Group Friedrich\u2010Alexander University Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aristide","family":"Merola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience \u201cRita Levi Montalcini\u201d Citt\u00e0 della salute e della scienza di Torino Torino Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fay","family":"Horak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Oregon Health &amp; Science University Portland VA Medical System Portland Oregon"},{"name":"APDM, Inc. Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony E.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morton and Gloria Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease Toronto Western Hospital Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Reilmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George\u2010Huntington\u2010Institute Muenster Germany"},{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Muenster Muenster Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie\u2010Institute for Clinical Brain Research University of Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Giuffrida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Great Lakes NeuroTechnologies Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Nieuwboer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromotor Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malcolm","family":"Horne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Kinetics Corporation &amp; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max A.","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics Aston University Birmingham UK"},{"name":"Media Lab Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Litvan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya","family":"Simuni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. Ray","family":"Dorsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle A.","family":"Burack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Kubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research New York City New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Kamondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Godinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Interdisciplinary Research Egas Moniz (CiiEM) Instituto Superior de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade Egas Moniz Monte de Caparica Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Francois","family":"Daneault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Mitsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apptomics LLC Wellesley Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lothar","family":"Krinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medtronic Neuromodulation Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffery M.","family":"Hausdorff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University and Center for the Study of Movement Cognition, and Mobility, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bastiaan R.","family":"Bloem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spyros","family":"Papapetropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the Movement Disorders Society Task Force on Technology","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2015.2461555"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guest Editorial: Special Issue on Internet of Things for Smart and Connected Health","volume":"2","author":"Wang H","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE IoT J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26214"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25684"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2012.2227317"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0b013e318254ba7a"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-140370","article-title":"Using ecological whole body kinematics to evaluate effects of medication adjustment in Parkinson disease","volume":"4","author":"Rahimi F","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2015.00034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2014.03.189"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25628"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MEMB.2010.936554"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23893"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22379"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056956"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2010.2090044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2015.2464354"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-11-447"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25391"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"154","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of levodopa\u2010induced dyskinesia using automated motion sensing technology","volume":"2012","author":"Mera TO","year":"2012","journal-title":"Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"6789","article-title":"Quantitative measurement of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: a study with full\u2010body motion capture data","volume":"2011","author":"Das S","year":"2011","journal-title":"Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968314537559"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096675"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2011.00917.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.12.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.08.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.10.114"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Heart rate variability shows different cardiovascular modulation in Parkinson's disease patients with tremor dominant subtype compared to those with akinetic rigid dominant subtype","author":"Solla P","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26165"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638289809166074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20458"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2009.2033471"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-10-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LeeSI DaneaultJ\u2010F GolabchiFN et al.A novel method for assessing the severity of levodopa\u2010induced dyskinesia using wearable sensors. In:Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc;2015:8087\u20138090.","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2015.7320270"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2011.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrl.2014.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DubeyH GoldbergJC AbtahiM MahlerL MankodiyaK.EchoWear: smartwatch technology for voice and speech treatments of patients with Parkinson's disease. In:Proceedings from the Conference on Wireless Health.ACM New York NY USA;2015.","DOI":"10.1145\/2811780.2811957"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csl.2013.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70291-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23348"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.173286"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20140253"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2015.0026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Inside wearables: how the science of human behavior change offers the secret to long\u2010term engagement","author":"Ledger D","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","volume-title":"Consumer Intelligence Series: The Wearable Future"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-015-0343-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.6233"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.0703"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2015.2465134"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2009.2036165"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2014.2368211"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.4283"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123705"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","article-title":"Validation of an accelerometer to quantify a comprehensive battery of gait characteristics in healthy older adults and Parkinson's disease: toward clinical and at home use","author":"Del Din S","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inform"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","unstructured":"FirstWord.Patient\u2010Centric Mobile Apps: Key Opportunities and Challenges for Pharma. Doctor's Guide Publishing Limited;2015.http:\/\/www.fwreports.com\/patient-centric-mobile-apps-key-opportunities-and-challenges-for-pharma\/#.Vwl_mWQrL-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2014.2309951"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2014.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26376"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/10\/3\/036019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","first-page":"2605","article-title":"Towards closed\u2010loop deep brain stimulation: decision tree\u2010based essential tremor patient's state classifier and tremor reappearance predictor","volume":"2014","author":"Shukla P","year":"2014","journal-title":"Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.26642","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.26642","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.26642","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T11:14:18Z","timestamp":1760958858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.26642"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,29]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.26642"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.26642","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3185","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,29]]}}}