{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T19:49:09Z","timestamp":1789501749141,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,22]],"date-time":"2016-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1471824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012466","name":"Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012466","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to examine: (1) the prevalence of diagnosed Tourette syndrome in Canada by sex in youth (aged 12\u201017) and adults and (2) socioeconomic factors in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of epidemiological studies of tics have focused on children and youth, with few studies describing the prevalence of tics in adult populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Canadian data on Tourette syndrome prevalence were derived from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2010 and 2011 cycles, a Statistics Canada population\u2010based cross\u2010sectional survey that collects information related to health status. We determined the prevalence of diagnosed Tourette syndrome and examined sociodemographic factors, including age, sex, education, income, employment, and birthplace.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 122,884 Canadians participated in the surveys, with 122 participants diagnosed with Tourette syndrome. The prevalence of Tourette syndrome was higher in males in youth: 6.03 per 1000 (95% confidence interval: 3.24\u20108.81) in males versus 0.48 per 1,000 (95% confidence interval: 0.05\u20100.91) in females, with a prevalence risk ratio of 5.31 (95% confidence interval: 2.38\u201011.81). In adults, the prevalence of Tourette syndrome was 0.89 per 1,000 (95% confidence interval: 0.48\u20101.29) in males versus 0.44 (95% confidence interval: 0.16.0\u20100.71) in females, with a prevalence risk ratio of 1.93 (95% confidence interval: 1.21\u20103.08). After adjusting for age and sex, adults with Tourette syndrome had lower odds of receiving postsecondary education or being employed and higher odds of having income lower than the median and receiving governmental support.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on the prevalence of Tourette syndrome in adults are scarce because most studies focus on children. Our data demonstrate a decreasing prevalence risk ratio for sex in adults compared to children. A diagnosis of Tourette syndrome is associated with lower education, income, and employment in adulthood. \u00a9 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,22]],"date-time":"2016-08-22T09:03:14Z","timestamp":1471856594000},"page":"1658-1663","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["The prevalence of diagnosed tourette syndrome in Canada: A national population\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Jaeun","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Parkinson's Centre of Excellence, King's College and King's College Hospital London United Kingdom"},{"name":"Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woolwich, Lewisham &amp; Greenwich NHS Trust London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Jette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jodie","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Pringsheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2012.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2009.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000086370.10186.7C"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2011.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410220317"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.1.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"188","article-title":"Cross\u2010Canada forum\u2014national population health study of neurological conditions in Canada","volume":"33","author":"Caesar\u2010Chavannes C","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chron Dis Inj Can"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"581","article-title":"Prevalence of diagnosed Tourette Syndrome in persons aged 6\u201017 years\u2014United States, 2007","volume":"58","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2009","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2000.tb00346.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-7138(10)60016-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2014.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2011.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12318"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200106000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-015-2223-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2011.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-8-43"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/145.8.762"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(99)00158-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.04.005"}],"container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.26766","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmds.26766","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mds.26766","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T11:49:14Z","timestamp":1760960954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mds.26766"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,22]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mds.26766"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.26766","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3185","1531-8257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3185","type":"print"},{"value":"1531-8257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,22]]}}}