{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T14:49:23Z","timestamp":1786632563520,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,27]],"date-time":"2016-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,27]],"date-time":"2016-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NIH-R01-HD045639"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH-R01-HD045639"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NIH-R01-HD081346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH-R01-HD081346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NIH-R01HD087089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH-R01HD087089"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NSF-EAGER 1548514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSF-EAGER 1548514"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Movement Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Task\u2010specific focal dystonia (TSFD) is a disorder marked by degraded coordination in complex and exacting psychomotor tasks, such as musical performance. Its development is associated with prolonged and intensive practice of these tasks, but the etiology of TSFD is still unknown. The prevailing hypothesis was informed by findings in primates following repetitive simple grasping actions. This model implies, however, that complex manual tasks that yield more intricate and subtly varying sensorimotor patterns, as found in musical performance and handwriting, should be unlikely to lead to focal dystonia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We propose an alternative, \u201cpredictive\u2010control\u201d etiological hypothesis: When an overtaxed performer exhibits poorly controlled variability and errors in motor execution of a well\u2010learned, high\u2010precision task, predictive control processes deteriorate. This includes, in particular, those related to the formation or updating of a forward dynamic model that maps motor commands to predicted end\u2010effector state, e.g. position and velocity of a key\u2010pressing digit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on a critical literature review we argue that this results in the characteristic signs of focal dystonia, such as freezing, halting and inappropriate co\u2010contraction specific to the task. Directions for future research are briefly discussed. \u00a9 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,27]],"date-time":"2016-10-27T10:41:26Z","timestamp":1477564886000},"page":"1772-1776","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Is failed predictive control a risk factor for focal dystonia?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Stein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliot","family":"Saltzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Haskins Laboratories New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Holt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dagmar","family":"Sternad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biology, Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Physics Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(03)00043-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00868"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1991.66.3.1048"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1990.63.1.82"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1996.23.4.234"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/77.3.269"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2000.84.5.2458"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2013.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2004.34.10.610"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2009.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-11-04417.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.23.5.1299"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2007.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(98)01221-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7569931"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.1993.9942050"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089976601750541778"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2005.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00240.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0835746100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4011-03.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-060909-153135"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00422-014-0631-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.50.3.291"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-007-1264-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-007-0909-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.03.090"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-01293-8_45"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.027938"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2003.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90093-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.24.1.234"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10407413.2015.1086228"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.7.1005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","unstructured":"RuizMH JabuschHC Altenm\u00fcllerE.Fast feedforward error\u2010detection mechanisms in highly skilled music performance. 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